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World Health Organization
This web annex accompanies the third edition of the WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis, Module 3: Diagnosis, and presents the evidence synthesis and analyses that informed recommendations on rapid diagnostic technologies for tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB detect…
Getchell M, Ansah JP, Lim D, Basilio R, Tablizo F, et al.
Background Limited diagnostic testing for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) may lead to high rates of misdiagnosis and undertreatment. Current diagnostic tests focus only on detection of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). This study aims to determine the impact of improved diagnostic testi…
Sophia B Georghiou, Nestani Tukvadze, Camilla Rodrigues, Shaheed Vally Omar, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Early and accurate diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is essential for improving treatment outcomes. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) is comprehensive but slow, while rapid molecular assays provide resistance information for a limited …
Risha Hazarika, Sanjukta Patra
Rifampicin resistance continues to pose a challenge to successful tuberculosis (TB) control, mainly driven by mutations in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although most diagnostic tools, such as Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra, and line probe assays, focus on the standard…
Ngabonziza JS, Habimana YM, Decroo T, Migambi P, Dushime A, et al.
SETTING: In 2005, in response to the increasing prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) and poor treatment outcomes, Rwanda initiated the programmatic management of RR-TB, including expanded access to systematic rifampicin drug susceptibility testing (DST) and sta…
Schlanderer J, Hoffmann H, Lüddecke J, Golubov A, Grasse W, et al.
…allenge for combatting the disease. Rapid and comprehensive diagnostics including drug susceptibility testing (DST) would assure early treatment, reduction of morbidity and the interruption of transmission chains. To date, rapid genetic resistance testing addresses only one to fo…
Dissou AFFOLABI, MD, MSc, PhD
Recent advances in molecular diagnostics of tuberculosis, especially the GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin test have reduced the time to diagnose Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis (RR-TB) but only rifampicin resistance is diagnosed, leading to presumptive diagnosis …
Oliwa JN, Maina J, Ayieko P, Gathara D, Kathure IA, et al.
…r research is needed to develop strategies enhancing use of diagnostics, including innovations to improve access (e.g. specimen referral) and overcoming local barriers to adoption of guidelines and technologies.
Meaza A, Tesfaye E, Mohamed Z, Zerihun B, Seid G, et al.
Background Rapid and sensitive Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis closer to patients is a key global TB control priority. Truenat assays (MTB, MTB Plus, and MTB-RIF Dx) are new TB molecular diagnostic tools for the detection of TB and Rifampicin (RIF)-resistance from sputum samples. The…
World Health Organization
…ted guidelines on tuberculosis, Module 3: diagnosis – rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection. The publication provides comprehensive lists of studies included in the systematic reviews that informed WHO recommendations on rapid diagnostic technologies for tuberculosis and r…
World Health Organization
This web annex accompanies the third edition of the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis, Module 3: Diagnosis, and provides technical information sheets on selected rapid diagnostic technologies for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). T…
World Health Organization
…base used in developing WHO policy recommendations on rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection and drug-resistance assessment.
Ramachandran R, Muniyandi M
Introduction Rapid molecular diagnostic methods help in the detection of TB and Rifampicin resistance. These methods detect TB early, are accurate and play a crucial role in reducing the burden of drug resistant tuberculosis. Areas covered: This review analyses rapid molecular di…
Stephen S, Kadye A, Majuru XN, Madamombe T, Sokwe J, et al.
Background Although Zimbabwe has transitioned out of the 30 high-burden countries, it still remained in the 30 high multidrug-resistant (MDR)/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) burden. Rapid detection of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) is essential for the diagnosis of M…
Souleymane Hassane Harouna
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) posing a global health challenge, particularly with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) detection and treatment. Indeed, despite global efforts, only about 43% of DR-TB cases are diagnosed and…
M Park, Giovanni Satta, Meg Coleman, Laura Martín, Georgina Russell, et al.
<h3>Introduction</h3> The emergence of the new rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test Xpert Ultra (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) has been shown to be more sensitive compared to smear microscopy as well as to the previous Xpert MTB/RIF for the detection of <i>Mycobacterium tube…
Mpagama SG, Mbelele PM, Mbelele PM, Chongolo AM, Lekule IA, et al.
…care system related barriers to implementation of molecular diagnostics for MDR-TB. Randomly sampled districts from the 5 highest TB burden regions were enrolled during the 4th quarter of 2016. District TB & Leprosy Coordinators (DTLCs), and District AIDS Coordinators (DACs) were…
…ted guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection” consolidates five guidelines developed by WHO between 2016 and 2020. Earlier guidelines on diagnostics that were not developed according to the GRADE approach have not been include…
Pathak MR, Pandya KJ, Ramwani SP, Pingalsur A, Karatela S, et al.
…nfections which pose diagnostic dilemma, requires extensive diagnostics that culminate into therapeutic delay often resulting in irrational and empirical institution of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in challenging cases. This supplemented by poor treatment compliance resulted in e…
Penn-Nicholson A, Georghiou SB, Ciobanu N, Kazi M, Bhalla M, et al.
Background The WHO End TB Strategy requires drug susceptibility testing and treatment of all people with tuberculosis, but second-line diagnostic testing with line-probe assays needs to be done in experienced laboratories with advanced infrastructure. Fewer than half of people wi…
Ivy Rukasha, Kabelo G Kaapu, Molebogeng R Lekalakala-Mokaba
**BACKGROUND:**  Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to be a major public health threat, especially in high-burden settings like South Africa. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) is essential to ensure that patients re…
Sharma JB, Sharma E, Sharma S, Singh J, Chopra N
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a common cause of infertility in India but its diagnosis remains elusive due to paucibacillary nature of disease. Traditional methods of diagnosis include demonstration of acid fast bacilli on endometrial or peritoneal biopsy or epithelioid g…
Kohli M, MacLean E, Pai M, Schumacher SG, Denkinger CM
Various diagnostic companies have developed high throughput molecular assays for tuberculosis (TB) and resistance detection for rifampicin and isoniazid. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the diagnostic accuracy of five of these tests for pulmonary spec…
Geweniger A, Janda A, Eder K, Fressle R, Kannan CV, et al.
Background The microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (Tb) in a pediatric population is hampered by both low pathogen burden and noncompliance with sputum sampling. Although endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been found u…
Timothy Hudson David Culasino Carandang, Dianne Jaula Cunanan, Gail S Co, John David Pilapil, Juan Ignacio Garcia, et al.
…iness, portability, and capacity of nanopore sequencing for diagnostics can aid in early detection and drug susceptibility testing (DST), which is crucial for effective TB control. This study synthesized current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the nanopore sequencing techn…