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Susanna Esposito, Beatrice Rita Campana, Gaia Giorgia Arnesano, Nicola Principi
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with children representing a particularly vulnerable population in whom diagnosis is often challenging. Pediatric TB is typically paucibacillary and presents with non-specific clinical manifestations,…
Xingyu Lu, Yiyi Hu, Yue Hu, Fei Zhao, Peiyang Fan, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease that poses a significant threat to the health of children and adolescents, with(PTB) being the most common type. Due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations and symptoms, early screening and diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tub…
Kumar NP, Hissar S, Thiruvengadam K, Banurekha VV, Balaji S, et al.
Background Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging due to paucibacillary disease, and lack of ability for microbiologic confirmation. Hence, we measured the plasma chemokines as biomarkers for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis. Methods We conducted a prospective…
Olbrich L, Nliwasa M, Sabi I, Ntinginya NE, Khosa C, et al.
Introduction An estimated 1.2 million children develop tuberculosis (TB) every year with 240,000 dying because of missed diagnosis. Existing tools suffer from lack of accuracy and are often unavailable. Here, we describe the scientific and clinical methodology applied in RaPaed-T…
Lyu C, Shi H, Cui Y, Li M, Yan Z, et al.
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is an important part of global TB prevention and control. Diagnosis of childhood TB still remains challenging when using conventional tests, due to the non-specific clinical manifestations and paucibacillary nature of the specimens. Thus, a sensitive, …
Garba MA, Ogunbosi BO, Musa A, Ibraheem RM, Alao MA, et al.
Background The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria remains high, and diagnosis in children, a challenge. We aimed to document yield from Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) as a mode of diagnosis for children and the variables associated with a positive resul…
Bhatia R, Chauhan A, Kaur K, Rana M, Singh M
In India, children do not get diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) for reasons such as lack of screening modality at the health-care settings, inadequate sputum sample, and low detection rate. This study aims to assess various modalities for diagnosis of pediatric TB and their cost-e…
Kumar NP, Hissar S, Thiruvengadam K, Banurekha VV, Suresh N, et al.
Pediatric TB poses challenge in diagnosis due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. We conducted a prospective diagnostic study to identify immune biomarkers of pediatric TB and controls (discovery cohort) and obtained a separate "validation" cohort of confirmed cases of p…
Tornheim JA, Paradkar M, Zhao H, Kulkarni V, Pradhan N, et al.
Objectives Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains difficult to diagnose. The plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (K/T ratio) is a potential biomarker for TB diagnosis and treatment response but has not been assessed in children. Methods We performed a targeted diagnostic accuracy …
Yadav R, Vaidya P, Mathew JL, Verma S, Khaneja R, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children still remains a challenge in developing countries. We analyze the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pediatric TB under programmatic conditions. We retrospectively analyzed the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay from Fe…
Johari M, Sharma R, Bagri DR, Malhotra B
Background Tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Early diagnosis and treatment in children are challenging, more so in resource-limited, tuberculosis-endemic countries. In 2017, the WHO endorsed the use of CBNAAT for tuberculosis diagnosis.…
Gómez-Valverde JJ, Sánchez-Jacob R, Ribó JL, Schaaf HS, García Delgado L, et al.
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and death worldwide, with a significant impact on children, especially those under the age of 5 years. The complex diagnosis of pediatric TB, compounded by limited access to more accurate diagnostic tests, underscore…
Yang Yang, Dan Ye, Zhentao Fei, Ping Liu, Huarui Liu, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, characterized by age-specific difficulties especially in diagnosis compared to adults. This review summarizes key advances in pediatric TB diagnostics over the past five years. **METHODS:** Lite…
Erem G, Otike C, Okuja M, Ameda F, Nalyweyiso DI, et al.
… the utility of chest ultrasound scans (CUS) for triage and diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to compare CUS features to chest radiography (CXR), which is the recommended imaging modality in children with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis …
Matúš Dohál, Věra Dvořáková, Michaela Hromádková, Peter Kunč, Jaroslav Fábry, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis remains a challenge due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, resulting in 51.00% of TB cases remaining undiagnosed, rising to 58% in children under five years of age. **METHODS:** This study evaluates the effectivene…
Roberta Feijó Carvalho, Sandra Valéria Coelho da Silva, Michely Alexandrino de Souza Pinheiro, Rafaela Baroni Aurilio, Edwin Tao Ming Klinkenberg, et al.
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a diagnostic challenge in Brazil and worldwide. The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends a clinical scoring system (S-MoH) for children and adolescents with suspected TB. Interpretation of radiographs within this scoring system may require s…
Baucom C, LaPonsie S
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of illness and death throughout the world. Despite its high prevalence worldwide, a diagnosis of TB can be hampered by variable clinical presentation, differences in host response, and lack of clinician awareness. In addition to the lungs…
Agarwal A, Kodethoor D, Khanna A, Hanif M
Background India houses 27% of the tuberculosis cases worldwide. Pediatric tuberculosis accounts for 11% cases worldwide. Microbiological confirmation of diagnosis is difficult in children. We aimed to study the proportion of Stool CBNAAT (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplificati…
Nathella Pavan Kumar, Syed Hissar, Arul Nancy, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Velayuthum V Banurekha, et al.
Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children presents significant challenges, necessitating the identification of reliable biomarkers for accurate diagnosis. In this study, we investigated plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as …
Miranda-Schaeubinger M, Venkatakrishna SSB, Otero HJ, Marais BJ, Goussard P, et al.
…ographs (CXR) have played an important and evolving role in diagnosis, classification and management of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). During the pre-chemotherapy era, CXR aided in determining infectiousness, mainly to guide isolation practices, by detecting calcified and…
Kashyap B, Gupta N, Dewan P, Hyanki P, Singh NP
… of disease severity, therapeutic response and prognosis in tuberculosis has been suggested. This study aims to determine the levels of high sensitivity CRP (hs CRP) among the pediatric tuberculosis cases. A case control study was conducted on 60 clinically diagnosed (clinical fi…
Lounnas M, Diack A, Nicol MP, Eyangoh S, Wobudeya E, et al.
…atory samples for bacteriological confirmation of childhood tuberculosis but require intensive laboratory processing before molecular testing to remove PCR inhibitors and debris. We aimed to develop a centrifuge-free processing method for use in resource-limited settings based on…
Sreedeep KS, Sethi S, Yadav R, Vaidya PC, Angurana SK, et al.
…vel molecular diagnostic technique that can be used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). It is most suited for developing countries as it is rapid, inexpensive, highly sensitive, requiring minimal infrastructure, training and manpower. Studies in pediatric TB are lacking. We e…
Singh UB, Singh M, Sharma S, Mahajan N, Bala K, et al.
…e, and sensitive diagnostic assays are essential for global tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in high TB burden, resource-limited settings. The current study was designed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of Truenat MTB-Rif Dx (MolBio) in children less than 18 years of age, wit…
Kay A, Garcia-Prats AJ, Mandalakas AM
…pose of review The detrimental synergy of colliding HIV and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics is most devastating among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) who shoulder a disproportionate burden of all child TB mortality. Recent findings CALWH benefit less from Bacille-Cal…