Showing 1–25 of 200 documents
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Venkatram S, Pena D, Bajantri B, Diaz-Fuentes G
Bronchoscopy is one of the most common diagnostic procedures in pulmonary practice. Data on the outcome of patients following a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy are sparse. Diagnostic yield depends on indication, the characteristics of patients, and the chest imaging. The aim of this …
Xike Zhou, Yan Peng, Mohan Huang, Tian He, Junjie Lu, et al.
…erspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-based tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and Innowave DX MTB/RIF assays across diverse tuberculosis patient populations. **METHODS:** A case-control study was conducted on hospitalized patients with suspected tuberculosis from J…
Killian D, Gibson E, Kachule M, Palamountain K, Bangoh JB, et al.
Background Diagnostics in many low- and middle-income countries are conducted through centralized laboratory networks. Samples are collected from patients at remote point-of-care health facilities, and diagnostic tests are performed at centralized laboratories. Sample transportat…
Yu R, Hu S, Wang C, Zhang H, Xiao Z, et al.
Background Empirical treatment was introduced when pathological or microbiological results of tuberculosis (TB) were not available. This report was designed to evaluate an algorithm based on empirical treatment in defining tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) in high burden areas b…
Brendan Mullen, Joy Githua, Jaclyn N Escudero, Jerphason Mecha, Lucy Kijaro, et al.
…tudy with the primary aim of evaluating non-sputum-based TB diagnostics for diagnosis and treatment response in children. This is a prospective observational cohort study of >400 children recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinical sites in Nairobi, Kenya. Children <15 years…
Kakinda M, Olum R, Baluku JB, Bongomin F
Background Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB) poses several challenges. Therefore, point-based scoring systems and diagnostic algorithms have been developed to improve the diagnostic yields in this population. However, there are no updated systematic reviews of the existing…
Keter AK, Lynen L, Van Heerden A, Wong E, Reither K, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy studies in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are complicated by the lack of a perfect reference standard. This limitation can be handled using latent class analysis (LCA), assuming independence between diagnostic test results conditional on the true unobserved PTB …
Yanogo PK, Balima C, Meda N
Introduction Long diagnosis delay contributes significantly to the failure to eradicate tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total, patient and system delays in diagnosis of pulmonary bacilliferous in the six tuberculosis Diagnostic and Treatment Centers …
Caraguel CGB, Colling A
To select, interpret, and assess the fitness-for-purpose of diagnostic tests, we need to compare the likelihoods of test results being true vs. false across both infected and non-infected individuals. Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) report the accuracy of class…
Nacher M, Blanchet D, Bongomin F, Chakrabarti A, Couppié P, et al.
…ed for inclusion on the World Health Organization Essential Diagnostics List. Objective Our objective was to systematically review the literature to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Histoplasma antigen tests in the context of advanced HIV disease, with a focus on low- and midd…
Liang B, Yang S, Zhou X, Ding X, Wang J, et al.
Background: The diagnosis of brain tuberculoma (BT) is sometimes challenging. Herein, we presented a case series to evaluate the combined-diagnostic methods, including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gene Xpert, and histopathology, of tuberculoma t…
Leyla Larsson, Ioana Diana Olaru, Anna-Lisa Behnke, Edson T Marambire, Martha Chipinduro, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis elimination is constrained by symptom-based and sputum-dependent diagnostic strategies, which miss asymptomatic disease and are difficult to deploy in community settings. Household contacts of people with tuberculosis are a priority population for scr…
Nattakarn Tantawarak, Keswadee Lapphra, Nirun Vanprapar, Orasri Wittawatmongkol, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Diagnosing pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains challenging due to low bacterial load and difficulty obtaining specimens. Current guidelines recommend 3-day acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and culture, with 1 molecular testing. We aimed to compare diagnostic yie…
Giridharan P, Inbaraj LR, Frederick A, Selvaraju S, Ramraj B, et al.
Prevalence surveys and active case findings for tuberculosis (TB) typically use symptoms and Chest X-ray for screening and a diagnostic test for microbiological confirmation. We report the performance of screening and diagnostic tests from a state-wide prevalence survey in India.…
Prakash Ghosh, Shaheda Anwar, Martin Siegel, Julius Boniface Okuni, Manfred Weidmann, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is central to ensuring the proper treatment and curbing the transmission of the disease. Despite the significant burden, the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node(LN)TB, the most prevalent form of extra pulmonary tu…
Augustine J, Vijay A, Ramachandran D, Cleetus M, Nirmal AS, et al.
Background Establishing the etiology of exudative pleural effusions in the setting of an unrewarding pleural fluid analysis often requires biopsies from the parietal pleura. However, it may be noted that diagnosis such as pulmonary embolism and connective tissue diseases can resu…
Ram Bahadur Khadka, Samrat Parajuli, Nabin Pahari
…int indicates the importance of integrating microbiological diagnostics into orthopedic practice in resource limited settings. It highlights key laboratory tools, outlines the barriers to their effective use, and proposes locally adaptable strategies to improve diagnostic accurac…
Jin Yin, Min Yu
**BACKGROUND:** For bacteriologically negative suspected tuberculosis, immunological testing provides important diagnostic evidence. The traditional tuberculin skin test has poor specificity. QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus, the latest generation of Interferon-Gamma Release As…
Li L, Wang Y, Zhang R, Liu D, Li Y, et al.
Patients with tuberculous pleurisy often remain undiagnosed even after blind thoracentesis and closed pleural biopsy (PB). In this study, we assessed the value of computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsy of pleural lesion and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of polymer…
Johansen ØH, Abdissa A, Zangenberg M, Mekonnen Z, Eshetu B, et al.
Background Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of diarrhoea in young children (aged younger than 24 months) in low-resource settings but is currently challenging to diagnose. Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy with auramine-phenol staining (LED-AP), recommended for tube…
Wood RC, Luabeya AK, Dragovich RB, Olson AM, Lochner KA, et al.
Tongue dorsum swabbing is a potential alternative to sputum collection for tuberculosis (TB) testing. Previous studies showed that Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) can detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA on tongue swabs stored in buffer, with 72% sensitivity and 100% s…
Sood M, Sharma S, Sood S, Sharma V
Tuberculosis is predicted to be a major undocumented cause of mortality in children. This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy of Lipoarabinomannan antigen testing (FujiLAM) in urine in HIV-negative children with TB-like signs and symptoms. PubMed…
Mahato RP, Kumar S
Tuberculosis (TB) is still the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the world caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Due to slow diagnostic and treatment options, the disease is a major concern for public health and also increases the burden on the global econom…
Moreira FMF, Verma R, Pereira Dos Santos PC, Leite A, da Silva Santos A, et al.
Background There is a need to identify scalable tuberculosis screening strategies among high burden populations. The WHO has identified a non-sputum-based triage test as a development priority. Methods We performed a diagnostic case-control study of point-of-care C-reactive prote…
Lu Zhang, Frederick L Altice, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Ahsan Ahmad, Sangeeth Kaur, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends tuberculosis (TB) screening in prisons but data on specific strategies are lacking. **METHODS:** Men sequentially entering Kajang Prison, Malaysia's largest prison, underwent standardized WHO symptom screening (SS), …