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Venkatram S, Pena D, Bajantri B, Diaz-Fuentes G
Bronchoscopy is one of the most common diagnostic procedures in pulmonary practice. Data on the outcome of patients following a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy are sparse. Diagnostic yield depends on indication, the characteristics of patients, and the chest imaging. The aim of this …
Xike Zhou, Yan Peng, Mohan Huang, Tian He, Junjie Lu, et al.
…erspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-based tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and Innowave DX MTB/RIF assays across diverse tuberculosis patient populations. **METHODS:** A case-control study was conducted on hospitalized patients with suspected tuberculosis from J…
Raju R, Prasad BM, Alavadi U, Saini S, Sabharwal M, et al.
…has been transformed with the scaling-up of WHO-recommended diagnostics, but challenges remain with specimen transportation, completing diagnostic assessment, turnaround time (TAT), and maintaining laboratories. Private laboratories have demonstrated efficiencies for specimen col…
Lee JH, Garg T, Lee J, McGrath S, Rosman L, et al.
…icate that the use of World Health Organization recommended diagnostics for TB reduced delays in diagnosing and initiating TB treatment. Future studies evaluating performance and impact of diagnostics should consider reporting time delay estimates based on the standardized report…
Killian D, Gibson E, Kachule M, Palamountain K, Bangoh JB, et al.
Background Diagnostics in many low- and middle-income countries are conducted through centralized laboratory networks. Samples are collected from patients at remote point-of-care health facilities, and diagnostic tests are performed at centralized laboratories. Sample transportat…
Mayu Hikone, Yuya Kondo, Yu Takaizumi, Wataru Kagaya, Katharina Kranzer, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Current diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) rely on sputum or site-specific specimen collection, posing critical limitations in certain populations. Urine has emerged as an alternative specimen, as demonstrated by urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) testing. Beyond LAM,…
Kakinda M, Olum R, Baluku JB, Bongomin F
Background Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB) poses several challenges. Therefore, point-based scoring systems and diagnostic algorithms have been developed to improve the diagnostic yields in this population. However, there are no updated systematic reviews of the existing…
Yu R, Hu S, Wang C, Zhang H, Xiao Z, et al.
Background Empirical treatment was introduced when pathological or microbiological results of tuberculosis (TB) were not available. This report was designed to evaluate an algorithm based on empirical treatment in defining tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) in high burden areas b…
Brendan Mullen, Joy Githua, Jaclyn N Escudero, Jerphason Mecha, Lucy Kijaro, et al.
…tudy with the primary aim of evaluating non-sputum-based TB diagnostics for diagnosis and treatment response in children. This is a prospective observational cohort study of >400 children recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinical sites in Nairobi, Kenya. Children <15 years…
Keter AK, Lynen L, Van Heerden A, Wong E, Reither K, et al.
Diagnostic accuracy studies in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are complicated by the lack of a perfect reference standard. This limitation can be handled using latent class analysis (LCA), assuming independence between diagnostic test results conditional on the true unobserved PTB …
Yanogo PK, Balima C, Meda N
Introduction Long diagnosis delay contributes significantly to the failure to eradicate tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total, patient and system delays in diagnosis of pulmonary bacilliferous in the six tuberculosis Diagnostic and Treatment Centers …
Margaret C Siu, Maria Selinopoulou, Susan Abarca Salazar, Jonathan P Sturgeon, Julie Huynh, et al.
…DS:** We systematically reviewed host-based gene expression diagnostics for pediatric EPTB. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (January 1965-May 2025) were searched for studies in children (0-18 years) with EPTB. Exclusions were adult-only studies, mixed data on pulmonary TB and…
Caraguel CGB, Colling A
To select, interpret, and assess the fitness-for-purpose of diagnostic tests, we need to compare the likelihoods of test results being true vs. false across both infected and non-infected individuals. Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) report the accuracy of class…
Nacher M, Blanchet D, Bongomin F, Chakrabarti A, Couppié P, et al.
…ed for inclusion on the World Health Organization Essential Diagnostics List. Objective Our objective was to systematically review the literature to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Histoplasma antigen tests in the context of advanced HIV disease, with a focus on low- and midd…
Tjale MA, Ombinda-Lemboumba S, Maphanga C, Mthunzi-Kufa P
… diagnosis, and in addition, we explore point of care (POC) diagnostics as an alternative way to develop TB diagnostic tests and further evaluate whether bioinformatics can be used as an additional screening tool for identification of possible TB biomarkers for the development of…
Qi Y, Li K, Li Y, Guo D, Xu J, et al.
…ularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics in TB detection. Currently, the clinical diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection mainly depends on pathogenic and molecular biological methods, including sputum smear, sputum culture, and Xpert. Although CRISP…
Leyla Larsson, Ioana Diana Olaru, Anna-Lisa Behnke, Edson T Marambire, Martha Chipinduro, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis elimination is constrained by symptom-based and sputum-dependent diagnostic strategies, which miss asymptomatic disease and are difficult to deploy in community settings. Household contacts of people with tuberculosis are a priority population for scr…
Hueda-Zavaleta M, Gomez de la Torre JC, Minchón-Vizconde D, Barletta-Carrillo C, Copaja-Corzo C, et al.
Background Molecular tests have contributed to reducing the mortality rate through early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). This is due to their low processing complexity and diagnostic accuracy superior to conventional methods. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic perf…
Liang B, Yang S, Zhou X, Ding X, Wang J, et al.
Background: The diagnosis of brain tuberculoma (BT) is sometimes challenging. Herein, we presented a case series to evaluate the combined-diagnostic methods, including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gene Xpert, and histopathology, of tuberculoma t…
Nattakarn Tantawarak, Keswadee Lapphra, Nirun Vanprapar, Orasri Wittawatmongkol, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Diagnosing pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains challenging due to low bacterial load and difficulty obtaining specimens. Current guidelines recommend 3-day acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and culture, with 1 molecular testing. We aimed to compare diagnostic yie…
Giridharan P, Inbaraj LR, Frederick A, Selvaraju S, Ramraj B, et al.
Prevalence surveys and active case findings for tuberculosis (TB) typically use symptoms and Chest X-ray for screening and a diagnostic test for microbiological confirmation. We report the performance of screening and diagnostic tests from a state-wide prevalence survey in India.…
Yilin Wang, Zichun Ma, Zubi Liu, Xiaowei Dong, Wei Shu, et al.
…and support broader implementation. Integrating tongue swab diagnostics with existing TB control programs could enhance the detection accuracy, improve drug resistance monitoring and reduce transmissions.
Shyamkumar Sriram, Tareq Abualfaraj, Manal Ali Alsharif, Marwa Zalat, Saad Madani Alawfi, et al.
Patients with latent tuberculosis infection are mainly asymptomatic, but they still carry a notable risk of developing active TB, particularly when the host becomes immunosuppressed. Hence, appropriate diagnosis and management for LTBI are essential. Tuberculin skin test (TST) an…
Prakash Ghosh, Shaheda Anwar, Martin Siegel, Julius Boniface Okuni, Manfred Weidmann, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is central to ensuring the proper treatment and curbing the transmission of the disease. Despite the significant burden, the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node(LN)TB, the most prevalent form of extra pulmonary tu…
Augustine J, Vijay A, Ramachandran D, Cleetus M, Nirmal AS, et al.
Background Establishing the etiology of exudative pleural effusions in the setting of an unrewarding pleural fluid analysis often requires biopsies from the parietal pleura. However, it may be noted that diagnosis such as pulmonary embolism and connective tissue diseases can resu…