Showing 1–25 of 28 documents
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Mayu Hikone, Yuya Kondo, Yu Takaizumi, Wataru Kagaya, Katharina Kranzer, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Current diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) rely on sputum or site-specific specimen collection, posing critical limitations in certain populations. Urine has emerged as an alternative specimen, as demonstrated by urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) testing. Beyond LAM,…
Margaret C Siu, Maria Selinopoulou, Susan Abarca Salazar, Jonathan P Sturgeon, Julie Huynh, et al.
…DS:** We systematically reviewed host-based gene expression diagnostics for pediatric EPTB. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (January 1965-May 2025) were searched for studies in children (0-18 years) with EPTB. Exclusions were adult-only studies, mixed data on pulmonary TB and…
Khalid Alyahyawi
…opic features, histopathological characteristics, molecular diagnostics, pharmacological therapy, and minimally invasive therapeutic interventions. Accurate diagnosis requires an integrated approach combining clinical assessment with imaging, endoscopic evaluation, and histopatho…
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Vignes Anand Srinivasalu, Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan, Adhin Bhaskar, Jefferson Daniel, et al.
…is (TB-LAMP), are among the molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics and can provide results within a few hours, even in resource-limited settings. We aimed to synthesise evidence on the accuracy of these tests for the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, to…
Louise Preston, Alexander Thompson, Susan Baxter, Duncan Chambers, Paul Collini, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Delays in diagnosing and treating tuberculosis (TB) have significant implications. We undertook a rapid review to explore factors associated with delays at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment pathways in low-burden settings. **METHODS:** We searched databa…
Guocan Yu, Xudong Xu, Yanqin Shen, Yuyang Ling
**BACKGROUND:** Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a serious type of tuberculosis (TB) which can cause systemic clinical manifestations. Rapid diagnosis of EPTB for intervention is of great importance. Nanopore sequencing as a third-generation gene sequencing method is a new k…
Isabelle Munyangaju, Lucía Carratalà-Castro, Dulce Osório, Jacob Bigio, Kondwelani John Mateyo, et al.
Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, paucibacillary disease, and difficulty producing sputum. Chest X-rays (CXRs), though widely used, are often inaccessible in low-resource settings and involve radiation. Ultrasound (US) is a radi…
Liwei Yao, Caifang Bu, Lijun Xiang
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TL) is a common case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The current use of nanopore sequencing in TL is limited. The aim of our study is to complete a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol t…
Andressa Lorena Ieque, Carolina Trevisolli Palomo, Deborah de Castro Moreira, Jean Eduardo Meneguello, Letícia Sayuri Murase, et al.
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most severe clinical forms of tuberculosis (TB). Since epidemiological studies can contribute to TB control, we conducted a review and meta-analysis of epidemiological publications of adults TBM cases in countries with high incidence of …
Pranav Shivashankar, Praween Senanayake, Thomas Stephen Ledger, Nicholas Ngui
**BACKGROUND:** Thyroid tuberculosis abscesses (TTA) are rare manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with the available literature consisting almost exclusively of individual case reports and small observational series. This systematic review aimed to evaluate current man…
Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi, Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh, Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo, Hedyeh Askarpour, Nasir Arefinia
**BACKGROUND:** Rapid and precise detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for effective management and control of tuberculosis. The diagnostic challenge is particularly acute for extrapulmonary TB, which accounts for approximately 15-20% of cases and often pres…
Juliet G Nyamasve, Nyaradzai A Katena, Shepherd Shamu, Junior Mutsvangwa, Aliasgar Esmail
…ality and health system costs, economic evaluations of EPTB diagnostics remain sparse and fragmented. This protocol aims to map existing evidence on the economic evaluation of diagnostic innovations for EPTB in low-resource settings. **METHODS AND ANALYSIS:** This scoping review…
Seetu Palo, Sarita Rawat, Debadutta Mishra, Monica Mishra
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a challenging extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms and a paucibacillary profile, complicating diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of vari…
Elizabeth Teo, Karon Kung, Sarah Chen, Kay C See
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe extrapulmonary complication of tuberculosis. Early diagnosis is crucial in improving patient outcomes, albeit difficult given the non-specific clinical presentation of early stage TBM. Numerical diagnostic scoring systems m…
Benjamin Freitag, Ayten Sultanli, Maurizio Grilli, Stefan Fabian Weber, Mary Gaeddert, et al.
…easons for clinical TB diagnosis and investment in improved diagnostics for TB and non-TB conditions is needed. **FUNDING:** UK National Institute for Health and Care Research and Academy of Medical Sciences; US National Institutes of Health.
Mohd Jaish Siddiqui, Abhishek Karmacharya, Xuemeng Wan, Yu Zhu, Chaomin Wan, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) in children is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that often presents with non-specific symptoms. These features frequently overlap with other abdominal conditions, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis or delay in diagnos…
Abayeneh Girma, Fentaye Kassawmar, Yeshiwas Kassa, Yeshwas Asrat
…come countries; increasing the reach of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is essential. Nanodiagnostics aims to enhance clinical diagnostic procedures with heightened sensitivity and accuracy by focusing on distinctive markers for early detection. A systematic search of research ar…
Mohammed Alsaeed, Khalid Alanazi, Ali Alhamdan, Mohammed Faqihi, Alaa Alibrahim, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** , an emerging nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), closely resembles(TB) clinically, often complicating its diagnosis and management. **METHODS:** We retrospectively analyzed 8 new cases ofinfection diagnosed at Prince Sultan Military Medical City from 2019 to 202…
Guocan Yu, Keying Du, Yanqin Shen, Yuyang Ling, Fangming Zhong
**INTRODUCTION:** Accessing samples from mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes is considerably more difficult, rendering the diagnosis of tuberculous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy particularly challenging. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS…
Alexander W Kay, Maia Madison, Katie Scandrett, Tara Ness, Pauline Amuge, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** In 2023, an estimated 1.3 million children (aged 0-14 years) became ill with tuberculosis, and 166,000 children (aged 0-15 years) died from the disease. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) is a molecular World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid diagnostic t…
Md Mayin Uddin Hasan, Mohammad Injamul Hoq, Saifur R Chowdhury
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis remains one of the primary infectious diseases in Bangladesh that affects both adults and children. Poor diagnostic criteria and insufficient reporting, especially of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children, lim…
Mikashmi Kohli, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Angela Salomon, Katie Scandrett, Alexei Korobitsyn, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests (LC-aNAATs) are molecular World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid diagnostic tests widely used for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and rifampicin resistance in sputum.…
Abisola R Isaiah, Monray Williams, Du Toit Loots, Aurelia A Williams, Novel N Chegou, et al.
**UNLABELLED:** Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, with approximately 1.2 million deaths reported in 2023. While TB primarily affects the lungs, it can also spread to other organs, where it is classified as extrapulmonary TB. Tube…
Roméo Bujiriri Murhega, Yao Christian Hugues Dokponou, Férol Baudelaire Babatundé Gbenou, Laté Dzidoula Lawson, Raïssa Diaby, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Spinal tuberculosis is the most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. While cervical involvement, known as cervical Pott's disease, has traditionally been considered rare, its incidence is increasing. However, comprehensive data on its clinical presentation…
André Amate Neto, Taylor Endrigo Toscano Olivo, Patrícia Mastroianni, Mariane Nunes de Nadai, Marcela Forgerini, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Pleural tuberculosis is one of the most frequent extrapulmonary manifestations ofinfection and is characterized by a pronounced immune-mediated response with a low bacillary burden. Host genetic factors appear to play a central role in its immunopathogenesis. **M…