Showing 1–25 of 82 documents
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Florence Mutua, Ruey-Chyi Su, Terry Blake Ball, Sandra Kiazyk
…ype I interferon-induced transcriptomic signature in active tuberculosis suggests a potential role for these interferons in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, end-stage renal disease, and c…
Barbara E de Bary, Marlies Heudobler, Alois Fürst, Kirsten Utpatel, Elisabeth Schuierer, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue, with extrapulmonary manifestations accounting for a notable proportion of cases. Perianal tuberculosis, however, is a rare presentation of TB, often leading to delayed diagnosis due to its nonspecific …
Heinke Kunst, Dominik Zenner, Giovanni Sotgiu
…bold> Kunst H, Zenner D, Sotgiu G. How do migrations affect tuberculosis burden? Tuberculosis control among migrant populations. <italic>In:</italic> García-Basteiro AL, Öner Eyüboğlu F, Rangaka MX, eds. The Challenge of Tuberculosis in the 21st Century (ERS Monograph). Sheffield…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
…ay and no symptoms of TB. Therefore, the patient has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) but overdiagnosed as TB disease. Due to the negative HIV status of the patient, TB prophylaxis is not indicated. Therefore, reintroduction of ATT was contraindicated, which led to lack ident…
Martin Dedicoat
A quarter of the world's population may be infected with tuberculosis (TB). In the majority of these people the infection will remain dormant. A variety of risk factors may lead to this latent TB infection (LTBI) becoming active. Treatment of LTBI has been shown to reduce the ris…
Salmaan Keshavjee, T. Nicholson, Aamir J. Khan, Lucica Diţiu, Paul E. Farmer, et al.
…; participants then received treatment for active or latent Tuberculosis (TB) as needed. Local coalitions can use the experiences and framework to inform how to tailor the own efforts to drive down TB rates one community at a time. Additionally, TB is driven by poverty and is its…
Olga Bilogortseva, Ya. I. Dotsenko
ПЕРЕБІГ ЛАТЕНТНОЇ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗНОЇ ІНФЕКЦІЇ У ДІТЕЙ З ВСТАНОВЛЕНОГО ТА НЕВІДОМОГО КОНТАКТУЗ ХВОРИМ НА ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ Білогорцева О. І
Anna Starshinova, Ekaterina Belyaeva, Olga Irtyuga, Giunai Sefiyeva, Lubov Mitrofanova, et al.
Tuberculosis remains a serious infectious disease that causes over 1.3 million deaths annually. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of tuberculosis has increased to 10.8 million cases. Pregnant women represent a particularly vulnerable population requiring tailo…
Stacie Burke
…ammation is the immune system's natural response to initial tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis bacteria have gained adaptations to manipulate the inflammatory process, sometimes settling into latency and containment in granulomas, ensuring their survival. Grounded in an evoluti…
Chenxi Li, Xiangyuan Chen, Ping Zeng
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a state of sustained immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens, without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis. Rheumatic diseases, a common type of autoimmune disease, are often treated with glucocorticoids, immunosupp…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Tuberculosis infection occurs when a subject inhales the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli (MTB). An active case of pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis generates infectious particles called droplet nuclei of <5 microns in diameter, when coughing, sneezing or through any other fo…
Namgyal dolma, Smriti Sharma
This chapter significantly defines Tuberculosis (TB) as an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. M. Tuberculosis is rod-like in shape, highly aerobic and it requires high levels of oxygen. It’s a serious illness which mainly affects the mammalian respi…
Angela Hidalgo-Gajardo, Bryan Mangui, Carla Villavicencio, Jorge R Toledo, Frank Camacho
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis, but it provides limited and inconsistent protection against pulmonary TB in adults. Furthermore, current diagno…
Karthikeyan Sundaram, Venkataraman Prabhu
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease spread through airborne droplet nuclei.is the etiological agent of this infection. Mycobacteria can cause active tuberculosis or asymptomatic latent infection due to its complex biology and host immunological responses. The genes of mycobacte…
Zhicong Xiang, Liuyu, Hequn Zou
…biological agents, potentially elevating the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) dissemination. Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)is crucial in immune responses, and TNF-targeted therapies could raise the risk of …
Dženan Kovačić, Adna Softić, Adna Salihović, Jovana Jotanović
Tuberculosis persists among the top 10 causes of death globally; causing 1.7 million deaths and 10 million new infections in 2018. Approximately 1/3 of the global population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 10% of which are expected to develop active TB at some point …
Peter Matuku-Kisaumbi
This chapter focuses on how biomarkers of tuberculosis can be utilized in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring of TB. Tuberculosis biomarkers are measurable molecular indicators present and/or whose levels are altered in disease states. Found in blood, urine, broncho…
Rajwinder Kaur, Varsha Sharma, Anju Kumari
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB), a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is an under-recognized but significant cause of female infertility, particularly in developing countries. It primarily spreads through the hematogenous route and …
Cynthia A. Bonville, Joseph B. Domachowske
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection is transmitted person to person via the airborne route through inhaling infected aerosols. Affected individuals are often completely asymptomatic with the only evidence for inf…
Itai M Magodoro, Leigh A Kotze, Cari J Stek, Alexander West, Andrea Le Roux, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious threat to global health, while type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes) has reached epidemic proportions in many regions of the world. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and among indigenous and minority communitie…
Simon Tiberi
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a thin, aerobic, non-spore forming, slow-growing (doubling time twelve hours) non-motile rod-shaped bacteria, belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is made up of several species, including M. tuberculosis,…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…fetime risk of developing active TB in subjects with latent tuberculosis infection without the human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) co-infection is 5-10%; for people living with HIV (PLWHIV), the annual risk is 3-16% per year. The interaction of these two pathogens is complex: …
Kevin Flores-Lovon, Edwin Herrera, Paola Salinas, Rodney Macedo
Individuals who have co-infection with COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) are more likely to have severe illness and higher mortality. Thus, we sought to review the biological, immunological, clinical, and epidemiological interactions between COVID-19 viral infection and Mycobacteriu…
Roxana Rustomjee
Abstract The failure to control tuberculosis (TB) in recent times stems, at least in part, from complacency towards TB control in the 1970s and 1980s and the subsequent devastating impact of the HIV-1 pandemic, the rising emergence of drug resistance as well as the growing dispar…
Guadalupe García-Elorriaga, Del Rey-Pineda Guillermo
Despite breakthroughs in tuberculosis (TB) laboratory detection over the last 30 years, only a small part of the global population has benefited. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) to detect tuberculosis rather than smear …