Showing 1–25 of 100 documents
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Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Although the underlying general principles of management of tuberculosis are the same for all cases, there are certain special situations in which the treatment regimen must be modified. Uremia and post-renal transplant are both risk factors for tuberculosis due to the underlying…
R. Harikrishna, Sanjula Jethwani, A T Rajeevan, A V Venugopalan
Introduction: The 2024 WHO Global Tuberculosis report labelled Tuberculosis as the leading cause of mortality amongst infectious diseases, surpassing COVID-19. Extrapulmonary manifestations account for almost 20% cases. Penile tuberculosis is a rare variant of genital tuberculosi…
Daniélle van Staden
…eatment. This chapter addresses two challenging conditions: tuberculosis of the female genital tract, which is the second most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and breast tuberculosis, a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis. Both present difficulties regarding …
Venus Marie R Rojas, Michaela Zwyer, Selim Bouaouina, Daniela Brites, Sonia Borrell, et al.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) phylogenetic lineages 1-4 (L1-L4) are the main causes of human tuberculosis (TB). Until now, most of the focus in the TB field has been on MTBC L2 and L4, as these two lineages are geographically widespread and have been repeatedly as…
Salma Madihi, Achraf Aainouss, Mly Driss Ei Messaoudi, Abdelouaheb Benani
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health burden, the leading cause of death among people living with HIV, and one of the main causes of death linked to antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched in 2015 the End TB Initiative that aims to reduce TB cases and…
Yi Hao Wong, Hai Tarng Chong, Ting Huey Hu, Catherine Wei Min Ong
Despite the World Health Organization End TB Strategy, tuberculosis (TB) remains the world's leading infectious cause of death. Conventional antimicrobial therapies are hindered by prolonged treatment durations, poor patient adherence, and drug toxicity. Host-directed therapies (…
Shayam Kaushik, Savita Krishnamurthy, Neelam Grover, Rajni Kaushik
The study's goal is to examine the range of adolescents tuberculosis. Adolescence is characterised by a substantial increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, a known fact since the early 20th century. Most of the world's adolescents live in low-income and middle-income countries…
Siddharth Sekhar Sethy, Gagan Deep, P V Sudhakar, Tarun Goyal, Pankaj Kandwal, et al.
…cases of extrapulmonary TB. The incidence of osteoarticular tuberculosis is one of the lowest in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, probably only next to cutaneous tuberculosis in non-HIV patients. Considering the low incidence of primary osteoarticular tuberculosis without pulmonary t…
Richard Wismayer
Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a global public health concern. Abdominal tuberculosis is an atypical presentation and since it is extrapulmonary it may delay the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The mortality associated with treated abdominal tuberculosis is 15% des…
Shivprasad Kasat, Mahendra Biradar, Ashish Deshmukh, Sunil Jadhav, Hafiz Deshmukh
…d reliability of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear. Tuberculosis is still a major public health issue around the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to infect one-third of the world's population. The two types…
Dhara Gosai, Jigar B. Gosai, Omprakash Shital Shukla
Background: Tuberculosis is the world's second leading cause of death from an infectious disease, being second only to AIDS. There is a lack of good data on the prevalence of all types of tuberculosis among children in India; most surveys have focused on pulmonary tuberculosis. T…
Archana Shrivastava
The aim of study is to evaluate early diagnosis of tuberculosis with simple and easy technique and to study in occurrence at various extra pulmonary sites. In our country, tuberculosis is the most common and serious infectious cause of death. Tuberculosis can affect any organ sys…
André Avarese Figueiredo, Humberto Elias Lopes, Augusto de Azevedo Barreto, Victor Silvestre Soares Fanni, Filipi Silva Kefler, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and can affect all organs of the urinary tract and male genital tract. The actual main problem of UGT is late diagnosis and a high prevalence of urogenital organ destruction. …
Murat Kılıç
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious disease that will cause death worldwide by 2022, apart from Covid-19. More than 10 million people are infected each year, and half of untreated cases can be fatal. TB usually affects the lungs and is transmitted through the air. Ext…
Moorine P Sekadde, Silvia S Chiang, Annemieke Brands, Martina Casenghi, Chishala Chabala, et al.
…(aged 0-9 years) and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) develop tuberculosis disease. Tuberculosis ranks among the top ten causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The primary driver of tuberculosis-related mortality in children and young adolescents is the failure to detect…
Mohammad Ibrarullah, Vinay K. Kapoor
Abstract Tuberculosis continues to be a global disease. Abdominal tuberculosis is a not uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and includes involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, lymph nodes, and solid organs. Its clinical picture depends on the site of invo…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
Symptoms and signs of active tuberculosis (TB) depend on its anatomical location. Pulmonary disease is the most common presentation of tuberculosis in the adult patient (more than 80% of the cases in the immunocompetent patient). Signs and symptoms can appear after just a few wee…
Wida Purbaningsih, Sadeli Masria, Yani Triyani, Maya Tejasari
Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains difficult because not all medical care facilities can do it as the microbiological examination of tissue materials requires invasive action and special equipment. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis should be made by observing clin…
Dilvani Oliveira Santos, Paulo R. Z. Antas
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease that is a major cause of morbidity, being one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, and the leading one from a single infectious agent. Also called “White Plague” in the past, TB is an airborne disease, propagated when multi…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
Traditionally little attention has been paid to pediatric tuberculosis by clinicians, researchers, decision-makers, and even by national tuberculosis programs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report for the year 2018, 10 million people developed TB in 2017…
Steven Howard Yale, Halil Tekiner, Eileen Scott Yale
…lopment and significance of medical eponyms associated with tuberculosis between 1909 and 1942, highlighting their contribution to the diagnosis of the disease. During this period, 16 eponymous signs were described, including the well-known Brudzinski sign for tuberculous meningi…
Anna Starshinova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Artem Rubinstein, Irina Dovgalyuk, Anastasia Kulpina, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a fatal disease primarily transmitted through airborne droplets, with children who are the most susceptible, particularly in the areas with poor tuberculosis control. The BCG vaccine, developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, has a history sp…
Maria-Cristina I Loader, Deborah L W Chong, Keira H Skolimowska, Jon S Friedland
…the interface of inflammation, tissue injury, and repair in tuberculosis. In pulmonary tuberculosis, dysregulated MMP activity drives extracellular matrix degradation, cavitation, and remodelling that contribute to post-tuberculosis lung disease. In tuberculous meningitis, MMPs h…
Şule Kızıltaş, Aylin Babalık
…er COVID-19 [1]. TB is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is spread from one person to another through the air. M. tuberculosis is estimated to infect approximately one-fourth of the world’s population [2, 3]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) …
Onix Cantres-Fonseca
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most pathogenic infectious organisms, usually known for causing cavitary lung infection. But this mycobacterium is also capable of causing masked involvement in any organ of the body. Its clinical manifestation can mimic other conditions a…