Showing 1–25 of 49 documents
Sorted by hybrid relevance (keyword + semantic via RRF)
Jorge E Leiva-Ordoñez, Beatriz Quintero
Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of tuberculosis and remains associated with high mortality and substantial neurological disability, particularly among children and people living with HIV. Early diagnosis is challenging because of nonspecific clinical manifestations…
Yu Li, Hongjuan Wei, Limei Sun, Dongsong Tang, Tiantian Wang, et al.
…cal diagnostic approaches. Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics have revolutionized tuberculosis detection in this vulnerable population. This review critically evaluates current laboratory methods for MTB detection in HIV/MTB co-infected individuals, analyzing their diag…
Madeleine T Dang, Kara Lukas, Daniel H Choi, Timothy J Chu, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is an infectious disease characterized by the invasion ofbeyond the lungs. Diagnosis is frequently delayed due to nonspecific clinical presentations that vary by organ system, making diagnostic imaging essential for disease detection, characteri…
H Alzarooni, H Molabe, F Malherbe
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 0.1% of all breast conditions globally, with a higher incidence in endemic regions such as India, East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It can mimic breast carcinoma, complicating timely diagnosis…
Hindol Maity, Supriya Meshram, Keshao Hiwale, Pratibha Narang
…ularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics. The review also underscores the importance of integrating human, animal, and environmental data within the One Health framework. It advocates for expanded molecular speciation in clinical workflows and impro…
Gustavo Esteban Lugo-Zamudio, Oscar Sosa-Hernández, Briceida López-Martínez, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel, et al.
In Mexico, syphilis and tuberculosis are infectious diseases subject to mandatory and immediate epidemiological surveillance, both with special systems that allow nominal follow-up for either variant. Surveillance uses the operational definitions of probable and confirmed cases e…
Matthew Smyth, Monica Diaz, Deanna Saylor
**PURPOSE OF REVIEW:** We review recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of chronic meningitis, focusing on tuberculous meningitis (TBM), cryptococcal meningitis (CM), syphilitic meningitis, neuroborreliosis, and recurrent chronic meningitis. Noninfectious causes and unique ch…
Wida Purbaningsih, Sadeli Masria, Yani Triyani, Maya Tejasari
Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains difficult because not all medical care facilities can do it as the microbiological examination of tissue materials requires invasive action and special equipment. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis should be made by observing clin…
Ashfaque Ansari, L. V. Manjusha Bavisetty
This case highlights the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of non-healing ulcers of the tongue in India, particularly in immune-compromised individuals and HIV patients. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, It remains the most common infe…
Rajiv Garg, Shubham Shukla, Ravindra Kumar Garg
…ay progress rapidly. In recent years, advances in molecular diagnostics have brought hope. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), including GeneXpert MTB/RIF and the more sensitive GeneXpert Ultra, have enhanced detection compared to smear microscopy; however, their diagnostic…
Manal Arshad Malik, Aleena Kamran, Dua Ahsan, Aafia Amjad, Sara Moatter, et al.
…hed from January 2014 to September 2024, highlighting novel diagnostics, therapeutic advances, and clinical trials for TBM. Exclusion criteria involved studies unrelated to TBM or older than 10 years. **RESULTS:** Diagnostic methods for TBM, such as microbiological and mole…
Wenting Lu, Yongchuan Li, Junlin Deng, Yuqing Su, Huanhuan Fan, et al.
…/RIF assay, which has enhanced the speed and sensitivity of diagnostics, significant challenges persist due to variability in test performance and sample handling. This review explores the potential of CSF immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis of TBM by reflecting the…
Ashok Kumar Pannu
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) remains a significant diagnostic challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where infections predominate despite an increasing burden of non-infectious inflammatory diseases and malignancy. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, lymphoma, and Sti…
Suman Kumar Jagaty, Swadip Mishra, C. Mohan Rao
Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is a milder form of the disease in terms of infectivity as compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) is a challenge. Aim: The study seeks to assess the sites of extra-pulmonary involvement during 2013-2017 …
Qiang Ji
**BACKGROUND:** Abdominal tuberculosis is a rare and diagnostically challenging form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can closely mimic advanced ovarian cancer both clinically and radiologically. This case is reported to highlight this diagnostic dilemma and the serious postop…
Charles L. Daley
This chapter discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the more common forms of extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (TB). Diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB can be challenging given the nonspecific clinical presentations, difficulty in obtaining specimens for testing, …
Riccardo Inchingolo, Lorenzo Carriera, Simone Ielo, Roberto Barone, Andrea Smargiassi, et al.
Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is currently the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and remains a significant cause of pleural disease worldwide, particularly in endemic regions. It often presents with non-specific clinical symptoms, such as fever, chest pain, cou…
Salma Madihi, Achraf Aainouss, Mly Driss Ei Messaoudi, Abdelouaheb Benani
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health burden, the leading cause of death among people living with HIV, and one of the main causes of death linked to antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched in 2015 the End TB Initiative that aims to reduce TB cases and…
Promod K Mehta, Jefry Sebastian
…ance in resource-limited settings. To overcome this, Molbio Diagnostics, India, introduced a Truenat/TruPlus assay (the WHO endorsed), which is chip-based micro real-time PCR system that targets nrdB, while TruPlus targets IS6110+nrdZ for the identification of Mtb within 1 h…
Steven Howard Yale, Halil Tekiner, Eileen Scott Yale
This historical review explores the development and significance of medical eponyms associated with tuberculosis between 1909 and 1942, highlighting their contribution to the diagnosis of the disease. During this period, 16 eponymous signs were described, including the well-known…
Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
…in survivors. Recent advances include improved nucleic-acid diagnostics for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), refined pediatric regimens, and emerging intensified/adjunctive treatments. Narrative synthesis of current guidelines and peer-reviewed articles (priority on 2019–2025), with an…
Marcos Henrique Teles Simão de Melo, Luana Bretas dos Santos Leonhardt, Jônatas Ferreira de Sá, Paulo Roberto Dias Bobenrieth
Pericardial tuberculosis is a rare and potentially fatal form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in endemic regions. This article reviews its clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic aspects, based on literature published between 2012 an…
Shivprasad Kasat, Mahendra Biradar, Ashish Deshmukh, Sunil Jadhav, Hafiz Deshmukh
This chapter aims to determine the effectiveness and reliability of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear. Tuberculosis is still a major public health issue around the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to infect…
Amod Gupta
Infectious uveitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment worldwide, especially in developing regions, where it commonly leads to intraocular inflammation. However, in recent years, cases of infectious uveitis have been rising even in the developed world…
Nitin Gupta, Bela Bhat, Shreya Das Adhikari, Sonali Singh, Sundeep Malla, et al.
… fluid analysis, and integration of serologic and molecular diagnostics. A syndromic framework is used to classify presentations and refine the differential diagnosis based on CD4 count, rate of progression, and radiological patterns. The review also discusses principles of manag…