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Cemre Arpa, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Serap Aydin, Prakash Ghosh, Dinesh Mondal, et al.
…f effect parameters into utility and disability weights, in health economic evaluations of TB diagnostic tests. **METHODS:** A targeted literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified health economic evaluations of diagnosis and popul…
Etang UE, Richard RE, Nseobong Godwin Akpan, Emily Vu, Ntekpere EI, et al.
… status. Socio-economic determinants influence individuals’ health behaviours, access to healthcare resources, degree of exposure to certain diseases and environmental factors. The increase in Tuberculosis problem correlates with an increase in countries, particularly in sub-Saha…
Inés García Baena, Katherine Floyd, Lucy Cunnama
…s of economic analysis, global TB financing, micro and macroeconomics, and the catastrophic costs associated with TB. The guiding principles of equity and efficiency are fundamental to the health economics of TB, as well as describing societal losses, including household’s burden…
Shantanu Bhati
…tem. This is a chronic disease. Cancer is not only a public health problem, but also a social and economic problem. Smallpox was the first infectious disease to be declared a "global emergency" by the WHO in 1993 because of its toll on individual health and its wider social and e…
Reya Farber, Rachel Rhee-Feitel, Amelia Lewis
Global health actors, institutions, and communities are trying to respond to the unprecedented U.S. development aid cuts and the “America First” strategy to global health that focuses largely on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, polio, and global health security. Ami…
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
COVID-19 continues to pose challenges to people’s health and wellbeing globally and is impeding progress in meeting Goal 3 targets. Before the pandemic, gains were evident in many areas of health, including reproductive, maternal and child health, immunization coverage and treatm…
Reiko Hayashi
While medicine has been present throughout Japan’s history, health administration emerged in modern times, specifically from the Meiji era. The initial development of the health system was significantly influenced by the introduction of Western concepts and the impact of pandemic…
Arnab Chakraborty, Janaka Jayawickrama
…opment Goals (SDGs), especially ending the TB epidemic as a health target. The TB epidemic is strongly influenced by social and economic development and health-related risk factors such as malnutrition, diabetes, unplanned urbanization, HIV infection, alcohol use disorders, and s…
Marc Kanter, Trevor Mark Janus, Marimer Rivera-Nieves
…HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a challenge to the United States health system since the 1980s and continues to represent major health and economic burden. TB cases in the US had been down trending in the 1950s, but since 1985 cases began to rise in urban areas where large communities…
S. Srinivasan, R. Vallipriya, Ajay Kumar Singh
The public-private mix (PPM) involves healthcare providers and communities, addressing TB care through formal and informal approaches in public and private sectors. WHO emphasizes the need for PPM, particularly in private and non-NTP public sectors, to improve care quality. Key i…
Susilawati Susilawati, Dinda Putri, Iis Sinsin, Andri Yan Prima Zani, Yulia Anggraeni Hidayat Putri, et al.
…tudy aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by aiming to improve the quality and accessibility of TB treatment and SDG 1 (No Poverty) by reducing the economic burden on affected communities. The findings highlight the urgent need for sustain…
Saifur Rehman, Shakeeb Ullah, Kholik Kholik, Muhammad Munawaroh, Akhmad Sukri, et al.
…ead, variables that increase the risk, importance to public health, economic impact, treatment, and methods of controlling bovine brucellosis. Bovine tuberculosis primarily affects cattle although it can also affect other animals. Bovine brucellosis is a global illness that occur…
Ankush Dhillon, Prabhati Yadav, Saurabh Gupta, Shoor Vir Singh, Jagdip Singh Sohal, et al.
…losis (MAP). It has significant economic, trade, and public health implications. In addition to evading host immunity, MAP modulates the gut microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis that exacerbates disease progression. A conceptual framework is proposed in which Johne's disease (JD) c…
Gilmar de Oliveira Pinheiro, Thamyres Cardoso de Carvalho, Jumara Batista, Jessica Arjona, Vitoria Souza de Oliveira Nascimento, et al.
…t all age groups causing a strong economic impact on public health systems. Isoniazid, which was launched in the market in the 60’s, has been the most effective antimicrobial drug for the treatment of tuberculosis so far. However, this is a long treatment with many adverse effect…
Mike Frick, Gisa Dang
…nicable diseases worldwide. The application of the right to health with the rights to nondiscrimination and participation has created pathways for civil society involvement in the design, implementation, and oversight of health programs, and has created space to grow social movem…
Rafael Ortega
…g, food security, economic stability, and increasing public health budgets. It also recommends interventions at multiple levels, such as the Community level promoting equity in access to health care services and encouraging a more participatory role among health workers in early …
Nicole Hassoun
…the Human Development Index, consider aspects of population health. This chapter presents the first multi-attribute indicator comparing the impact of key drugs on poor health across the world: the Global Health Impact (GHI) index. It evaluates the impact of key drugs on malaria, …
Milka Musuuo, Omotayo Awofolu
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a big problem for public health around the world, especially in developing countries. In Namibia, the incidence of TB is notably high and is often exacerbated by malnutrition and other socio-economic factors. Namibia is ranked 10th highest in the world,…
Amidu Alhassan, Yula Salifu, Patience Fakornam Doe, Frank Offei Odonkor, Joseph Lasong
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pressing global health challenge, ranking among the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. In 2021, the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated 10.6 million new TB cases and 1.6 million TB-associated deaths globally, …
Joia S. Mukherjee, Paul E. Farmer
…istic approach that incorporates the social determinants of health and promotes prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The chapter describes in detail the global AIDS movement and its accomplishments. The authors conclude that human suffering due to infectious disease c…
Arnab Chakraborty
…are seriously affected by this disease, even with the World Health Organization and multiple other health organisations – both national and international – trying to find a way forward. What are the reasons for this? This chapter aims to unpack the complicated case of TB in this …
Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Kalpana Ramachandran
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe dent in the decades of progress achieved in tuberculosis control and elimination measures, indicating that these measures need to be more structured and resilient. This manuscript focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB control a…
Mbih Jerome Tosam, Jennyfer Ambe, Primus Che
…r and sanitation, as well as an acute shortage of qualified health personnel to manage, control and contain the crisis/spread. Poor and marginalized communities are the most vulnerable because infectious diseases cause not only suffering and death, but also severe economic hardsh…
Chapal Mehra
Abstract COVID-19 has disrupted the health systems in low- and middle-income countries and has consequently unleashed a global health crisis. The lack of preparedness is visible at multiple levels of the healthcare system in India. The health system is overwhelmed by the influx o…
Jock McCulloch, Pavla Miller
…development of thorough medical examinations, comprehensive health care and a generous compensation system for whites, alongside a system designed to prevent the employment of men who already developed lung disease and to minimise compensation for the (black) majority of the work…