Showing 1–25 of 160 documents
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Akihiro Ohkado, Seiya Kato
Epidemiology of TB provides important information for clinical diagnosis. The risk of TB infection and disease development depends on exposure to bacilli, i.e., contact with infectious TB patients, host factors such as comorbidities, and socio-economic conditions. TB was called a…
Wei Zhang, Qing Wang, Liru Zhang, Jiangxiong Wu, Jinlu Liu, et al.
…, bacterial genotyping has made a great contribution to the epidemiology of drug-resistant bacteria, and it should gradually become the mainstream monitoring method to be implemented.
Charles R. Newton
This chapter looks at the epidemiology of bacterial and parasitic infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Bacteria and parasites are important infections of the CNS, but the epidemiology has changed significantly over the last few decades with the introduction of vaccines…
Lucas Gabriel Quadros Ramos, Fernanda Moreira Soares Boaventura Silveira, Jessica Elen Martins Alves, Karina Andrade de Prince
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, considering that this comorbidity represents a public health problem, it is of paramount importance to understand the associated clinical, epidemiological, and economic factors due to its high prevalence …
A.S. Rodrigues, Elisabete Calabuig Chapina Ohara, Lívia Mendes Oliveira, Nathália Lima Souza
… Health. Descriptors used for the search were tuberculosis, epidemiology, incidence, vulnerability. The time frame determined 2012- 2022. RESULTS: In the stratification by Federated Unit, there is evidence of an important heterogeneity in the country, with the highest incidence c…
Luis M Rodríguez-Martínez, Jose L Chavelas-Reyes, Carlo F Medina-Ramírez, Jorge A Valdés-González, Eli Fuentes-Chávez, et al.
…ons in maintaining endemicity. Recent advances in molecular epidemiology, such as PCR, MIRU-VNTR, and whole-genome sequencing, provide promising avenues for surveillance and control. Finally, we discuss the importance of adopting a One Health framework that bridges veterinary, me…
Jorge Varanda, Ana Abecasis
In 1988, the remote mining town of Dundo, in Lunda-Norte, Angola, displayed an anomalously high HIV-1 prevalence of 14.2%, despite the absence of recognised epidemic drivers. Archival and epidemiological evidence suggests that colonial medical interventions, rather than sexual tr…
Guangtian Liu, Jufen Lv, Linlin Chen, Yinglong Ma, Bofei Liu, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** China is one of the three countries with the largest TB burden globally, with an increased number of patients reported in 2021. **OBJECTIVE:** In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis (TB) and the genotype characteristi…
Luis M Rodríguez-Martínez, Jose L Chavelas-Reyes, Carlo F Medina-Ramírez, Eli Fuentes-Chávez, Zurisaday S Muñoz-Troncoso, et al.
…f drug-resistant strains. This work addresses the molecular epidemiology of TB in the Mexican context, emphasizing its role in understanding transmission, genetic diversity, and resistance mechanisms. To achieve this, we reviewed molecular typing approaches including spoligotypin…
Parul Verma, Geeti Khullar, Satyaki Ganguly, P Narsimha Rao, Pragya Nair, et al.
…articles on this subject, reviews the present literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and types of CTB, including its associations and investigations.
Rodica Anghel, Antonia-Ruxandra Folea, Vlad-Luca Moga, Cristian Pavel, Diana Troncotă, et al.
…ugh 27 December 2025 was performed, focusing on lung cancer epidemiology, screening, implementation barriers, risk stratification, and adjunctive diagnostic approaches in the four selected CEE countries. A total of 297 articles were included.The evidence confirms a persistently h…
Maria Soledade Garcia Benedetti, Émerson Ricardo de Sousa Capistrano, Angela Maria Félix Alves Oliveira, Elba Urzedo de Freitas Lamounier, Karla Cristina Souza Rocha, et al.
Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among Venezuelan immigrants in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study, data were collected from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases - Sinan, in the period fr…
Jamal Hassan Mohamoud, Mohamed Hussein Adam, Ahmed Mahad Sheikh Mohamed, Mohamed Adam Mahamud, Hodo Aideed Asowe
… narrative review synthesizes the available evidence on the epidemiology of TB in Somalia, examines the health system and socio-environmental determinants of transmission, reviews the national TB control response, and highlights key challenges and future directions for TB elimina…
Danielle L Silva, Nalu T A Peres, Daniel A Santos
…risk factors associated with coinfections, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and the challenges of early diagnosis. Recognizing the substantial worldwide public health burden posed by fungal coinfections is crucial to improve survival rates.
Mariona Cortacans, Nino Gogichadze, Pablo Soldevilla, Zoran Stojanovic, Onno Akkerman, et al.
This review brings together global data on bacterial, fungal, nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) and viral infections that complicate the course of individuals following the diagnosis of pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). It shows how residual structural lung damage (…
Rajwinder Kaur, Varsha Sharma, Anju Kumari
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB), a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is an under-recognized but significant cause of female infertility, particularly in developing countries. It primarily spreads through the hematogenous route and …
Defne Yigci, İlker Kayı, Yusuf Ziya Demiroğlu, Murat Kutlu, Zeki Kılıçaslan, et al.
… health challenge. We provide an overview of the current TB epidemiology in Turkey, highlighting key findings related to TB incidence, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes. **RESULTS:** A gradual decline in TB incidence in Turkiye has been observed over recent year…
Agata Maciejak-Jastrzębska, Grażyna Sygitowicz, Sylwia Brzezińska, Kinga Bielska, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
…logical and structural characteristics of mycobacteria; the epidemiology of the disease; and the role of the main diagnostic methods; with a particular focus on molecular methods and MALDI-TOF MS. This paper highlights their advantages and limitations and discusses their implicat…
Olivier Uwishema, Lydia Daniel Bisetegn, Pascaline Munezero, Courage Chandipwisa, Gerard Nkurunziza, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Communicable diseases remain a major public health challenge in Rwanda, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Despite notable progress in reducing the burden of infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis, recent threats, inclu…
Emmanuel M Sindato
…w aims to summarise tuberculosis and diabetes double burden epidemiology, the overlap, the current moment and future prospects, including exploration of cost-effective interventions to enhance tuberculosis and diabetes integrated care. A literature search was conducted in Pu…
Reiko Hayashi
While medicine has been present throughout Japan’s history, health administration emerged in modern times, specifically from the Meiji era. The initial development of the health system was significantly influenced by the introduction of Western concepts and the impact of pandemic…
Koffi Herve Yangni‐Angate
Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) is not rare in Africa with tuberculosis as the most common etiology. A long history of visceral tuberculosis, typical symptoms of CCP because of late clinical presentation in most cases, make diagnosis almost easy to establish. Echocardiogr…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Globally, tuberculosis is one of the top 10 overall causes of death, the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, and the principal cause of death among subjects living with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The United Nations and the World Health Organization…
Rita Verstraeten, Marta Cossa, Leonardo Martínez, Kristin N. Nelson, Dinis Nguenha, et al.
Ending TB has been a global struggle for decades. Despite numerous efforts to accelerate the reduction in incidence and mortality, TB continues to be one of the top infectious killers worldwide. Global advances in reducing TB burden have been halted or reversed by the impact of t…
Leong Tung Ong
Recent population-based studies conducted in Asia have revealed a notable increase in the overall incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, coinciding with a decline in tuberculosis (TB) cases. The incidence of NTM infection has exceeded that of TB in Japan, with …