Showing 76–100 of 200 documents
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Yang Yang, Dan Ye, Zhentao Fei, Ping Liu, Huarui Liu, et al.
…adults. This review summarizes key advances in pediatric TB diagnostics over the past five years. **METHODS:** Literature was retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Priority was given to multi-center pediatric coh…
Manal Arshad Malik, Aleena Kamran, Dua Ahsan, Aafia Amjad, Sara Moatter, et al.
…hed from January 2014 to September 2024, highlighting novel diagnostics, therapeutic advances, and clinical trials for TBM. Exclusion criteria involved studies unrelated to TBM or older than 10 years. **RESULTS:** Diagnostic methods for TBM, such as microbiological and mole…
Ruchi Nair, Pooja Thakur, Hitesh D. Patel
…he critical need for rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. This chapter offers an overview of commonly used TB screening and diagnostic techniques, such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays like QuantiFERON-TB Gold, enzyme-…
Iswarya Rambabu, Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi, Hemapreethi Surendran, Sandhya Nedunchezhian, Abdullah A Aseeri, et al.
…o create a bridge between these sRNA concepts on TB disease diagnostics, with vastly emerging microfluidic technologies while outlining the limitations and validation steps necessary for Mcr7-specific diagnostics, and presents a conceptual framework for developing next-generation…
Xin Mao, Jingkai Wang, Junchi Xu, Ping Xu, Huijie Hu, et al.
…oscopy, culture-based methods, antigen detection, molecular diagnostics (including nucleic acid amplification tests and whole-genome sequencing), spectroscopic techniques (such as Raman spectroscopy), and mass spectrometry-based approaches. Notably, this review focuses on pathoge…
Tom Boyles
…en introduced and evaluated. It gives a brief history of TB diagnostics including difficulties encountered following the HIV pandemic then presents a seminal paper from 2010 describing the high diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF. The chapter then explains that appropriate diagn…
Wenting Lu, Yongchuan Li, Junlin Deng, Yuqing Su, Huanhuan Fan, et al.
…/RIF assay, which has enhanced the speed and sensitivity of diagnostics, significant challenges persist due to variability in test performance and sample handling. This review explores the potential of CSF immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis of TBM by reflecting the…
J. Lucian Davis
This chapter outlines key principles of diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis (TB), then provide an overview of the role of the clinical history and physical examination in screening patients for active pulmonary TB. It discusses the sample collection for diagnostic testing, and…
Ramya Gopinath, Suthandira Munisamy, M. Jeyadevasena, Jacobson Jeffrey, Elanchezhiyan Manickan
The conventional techniques like the Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining and smear microscopy employed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) have a significant disadvantage of poor sensitivity and the gold standard diagnostic method employing culture is time-consuming. This study w…
Ayman Elbehiry, Eman Marzouk, Husam M Edrees, Riyad AlShaqi, Abousree T Ellethy, et al.
…his comprehensive review explores recent advancements in TB diagnostics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR surveillance), treatment strategies, and vaccine development. It critically evaluates cutting-edge technologies including CRISPR-based diagnostics, whole-genome sequencing, and …
Lisa Frigati, Leonore Greybe, Savvas Andronikou, Ernst Eber, Shyam Sunder B Venkatakrishna, et al.
**OBJECTIVES:** To investigate the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostics and management of childhood pneumonia in low and middle income countries (LMICs). **DESIGN:** Review of published english literature from 2019 to February 2024. **RESULTS:** Lower respiratory tract infectio…
Yasmine Bendimrad, Lamia Mellah, Malak Snoussi, Jalila El Bakkouri
**INTRODUCTION:** Differentiating between malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remains challenging in clinical practice. The cancer ratio plus (CR+), a potential diagnostic tool calculated as serum lactate dehydrogenase/(pleural adenosine deamin…
Nimet Temur, Esma Eryilmaz- Eren, Ilhami Celik, Ilknur E Yıldız, Mustafa Nisari, et al.
(MTB) remains a global health issue and continues to rank among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Its persistence is primarily attributed to the microorganism's challenging and time-consuming diagnosis and treatment, which drives the need for new dia…
Peter J Kitonsa, Devan Jaganath
…gnificant global health challenge. Traditional sputum-based diagnostics are less effective in this population due to difficulties in sample collection and paucibacillary disease, necessitating alternative non-sputum diagnostic approaches. **AREAS COVERED:** This review examines …
Yuqing Chen, Hui Tang, Jieyuan Zheng, Qing Yang, Dongsheng Han
…, standardized protocols, and integration with conventional diagnostics to establish cost-effective and clinically meaningful roles for mNGS in TB diagnosis and management.
Zewei Yang, Jingjing Li, Jiawen Shen, Huiru Cao, Yuhan Wang, et al.
…agement and control. Recent advancements in the field of TB diagnostics have focused on the identification and utilization of blood-based biomarkers, offering a non-invasive, rapid, and scalable approach to disease detection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the l…
Ashok Kumar Pannu
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) remains a significant diagnostic challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where infections predominate despite an increasing burden of non-infectious inflammatory diseases and malignancy. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, lymphoma, and Sti…
Oganes A Ambartsumyan, Olesya A Skuredina, Platon I Eliseev, Tatiana E Tiulkova, Anastasia G Samoilova, et al.
Tuberculosis remains a serious global public health challenge and requires the development of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools for effective treatment and disease control. Bioimaging reporters are promising diagnostic tools that exploit the unique biochemical prope…
Rana Mondal, Mouli Nandi, Ifra Iqbal, Priya Bhave Chittawar
…sions and aiding early diagnosis. **RESULTS:** Traditional diagnostics like AFB staining and culture often yield false negatives, necessitating a composite reference standard incorporating imaging, biopsy, and endoscopy. Molecular tools such as GeneXpert and PCR have improved de…
Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Kyung Hyun Oh, Kalpeshsinh Rahevar, Carl-Michael Nathanson, Alexei Korobitsyn, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Timely, accurate tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and strong laboratory networks are critical for providing high-quality TB care. In the Western Pacific Region, available resources, TB burdens, and access to TB testing vary dramatically between countries. To understa…
Shweta Garg, Nisha Malik, Veena Sharma
Background: Splenic fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been used as a diagnostic method since the turn of last century, with the first report being in 1916. It has the reputation of being dangerous & difficult to assess, but these prejudicial ideas are fundamentally w…
Silla Varghese Thomas, Priya Rajendran, Sivakumar Shanmugam
…onspecific clinical symptoms. Despite advancements in newer diagnostics that allow for rapid identification of TB and detection of drug resistance in children, their sensitivity is compromised due to these challenges. It is crucial to consider that children may not always expecto…
Suman Kumar Jagaty, Swadip Mishra, C. Mohan Rao
Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is a milder form of the disease in terms of infectivity as compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) is a challenge. Aim: The study seeks to assess the sites of extra-pulmonary involvement during 2013-2017 …
Ingrid Burkhardt, Florian Götzinger, Lahia Iipumbu, Elizabeth Whittaker, Gunar Günther, et al.
…atment. However, recent years have brought rapid changes to diagnostics, prevention, and treatment strategies. **AREAS COVERED:** We present current data on pediatric and adolescent MDR-TB combined with expert opinion to guide the reader through the pediatric and adolescent MDR-…
Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Valliappan Muthu, Helmut J F Salzer, Ritesh Agarwal
**INTRODUCTION:** Post-tuberculosis lung abnormality (PTLA) affects over 50-140 million TB survivors globally, creating a highly permissive environment for secondary fungal disease, particularly chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). CPA is now recognized as the most frequent and…