Showing 26–50 of 100 documents
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Parul Verma, Geeti Khullar, Satyaki Ganguly, P Narsimha Rao, Pragya Nair, et al.
Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is an important type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), especially in countries where the tuberculosis (TB) load is high. It is reported from all over the globe with varying incidence, affecting all age groups, and it presents with different clini…
Shad Ahmad, Adil Husain, Parul Jain, Firoz Ahmad
**BACKGROUND:** Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB), most frequently manifesting as tuberculous meningitis, is associated with high mortality and significant long-term neurological morbidity. Increasing evidence suggests that disease severity and neurological damage are …
Marcos Henrique Teles Simão de Melo, Luana Bretas dos Santos Leonhardt, Jônatas Ferreira de Sá, Paulo Roberto Dias Bobenrieth
Pericardial tuberculosis is a rare and potentially fatal form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in endemic regions. This article reviews its clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic aspects, based on literature published between 2012 an…
Qiang Ji
**BACKGROUND:** Abdominal tuberculosis is a rare and diagnostically challenging form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can closely mimic advanced ovarian cancer both clinically and radiologically. This case is reported to highlight this diagnostic dilemma and the serious postop…
Pailin Kongmebhol, José Florencio F. Lapeña
Tuberculosis of the head and neck accounts for approximately one-third of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. From the surgical perspective, cervical lymph nodes, deep neck spaces, and salivary glands may be covered by head and neck surgery, while the ear, nose, and throat are tradition…
Catherine Wilson
…use zoonotic disease. The main aim of eradication of bovine tuberculosis from countries where the disease is endemic has proved to be challenging. Mycobacteria can infect a very broad range of hosts. M. bovis, which is the main agent responsible for tuberculosis in domestic anima…
Chengzhi Liu, Xinyu Wang, Xusheng Cao
**PURPOSE:** Ocular tuberculosis (OTB), an extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), significantly impacts vision acuity and presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment. With ongoing research efforts, new insights into its pathogenesis and treatment have emerged. This…
José Cruz Mendoza-Torres, Nayar Durán-Hernández, José Alberto Choreño-Parra, Carlos Sánchez-Garibay, Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a primary global health concern, with significant long-term sequelae. Central nervous system TB (CNS-TB) is a clinical spectrum with entities such as tuberculous meningitis and tuberculomas. Em…
Fabiana Cristina Fulco Santos, André Luiz Alves do Nascimento, Laís Ariane de Siqueira Lira, Juliana Figueirêdo da Costa Lima, Rosana de Albuquerque Montenegro, et al.
Bone tuberculosis (TB) is one of the forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that affects, above all, the spine, long bones and joints. The authors report a case of a 12-year-old child with a complaint of pain and deformity in the lower thoracic region that had lasted for two years.…
Karolina D. Witt
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that has co-evolved with humans and developed various decoy strategies to survive in hostile environments by manipulating host immunity to its advantage. This occurs through selective antigen presentation at the cellul…
Rupak Chatterjee, Sumanta Sinha, Kumkum Sarkar, Debananda Gonjhu, Sekhar Pal, et al.
Tuberculosis has many mechanisms that may lead to hypercoagulable state and can lead to thromboembolic complications. It may be a potentially life-threatening condition. The physician's awarness of this disease condition is important to an early diagnostic suspicion and prompt tr…
Charles Lukanga Kimera, Fredrick Sinyinza, Linda Ndesipandula Lukolo
…harge, abnormal vaginal bleeding or a lesion on the cervix, tuberculosis of the uterine cervix should be one the differential diagnoses. Being airborne, Tuberculosis (TB) commonly affects the lungs. However, TB can affect any organ of the body and when it is outside the lungs, it…
Hindol Maity, Supriya Meshram, Keshao Hiwale, Pratibha Narang
Zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB), a form of human tuberculosis caused by animal-adapted members of thecomplex (MTBC), poses unique challenges for clinical diagnosis, surveillance, and public health control. Traditionally associated withand transmitted through the consumption of unpast…
Janke Kleynhans, Christiaan A Gouws, Thomas Ebenhan
…ET/CT radiopharmaceuticals can better visualize and monitor tuberculosis and enable real-time pharmacological drug profiling in vivo. PET/CT imaging can therefore be used to study in animal models the changes in tissue pathology in tuberculosis infection, such as mycobacterial la…
Rajiv Garg, Shubham Shukla, Ravindra Kumar Garg
Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary TB, often leading to substantial morbidity and mortality owing to its complex clinical presentation and frequent diagnostic delays. Despite global TB control efforts, CNS TB continues to p…
Andrea Migliorelli, Marianna Manuelli, Andrea Ciorba, Francesco Stomeo, Stefano Pelucchi, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the foremost cause of mortality from infectious diseases on a global scale, with laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) constituting a rare, yet clinically significant form of extrapulmonary TB. Despite accounting for less than 1% of total TB cases, LTB is…
J. Perriot, Lan Tien Nguyen, G. Peiffer, M. Underner
Tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco smoking are two major public health problems worldwide causing a high mortality. Tobacco smoke increases the risks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, development for pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, of severe forms of the disease and death from…
Suman Kumar Jagaty, Swadip Mishra, C. Mohan Rao
Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is a milder form of the disease in terms of infectivity as compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) is a challenge. Aim: The study seeks to assess the sites of extra-pulmonary involvement during 2013-2017 …
Lianjing Liang, Shitong Su, Lanya Peng, Hua Zhuang, Yao Chen, et al.
…on, consequently heightening vulnerability to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection or reactivation. Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), tuberculous meningitis, and potential congenital TB are serious complications that may arise after IVF-ET, posing sign…
Remide Arkun
Abstract Chapter 89 reviews musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB), which is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary TB is seen in 20% of all TB cases. Musculoskeletal TB accounts for 1-3% of tuberculous infections. The most common musculoskeletal pr…
Zamari Noori, Mohammad Jawid Nazari
Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease which may affect pulmonary and extrapulmonary organs. Isolated renal tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary TB, especially in immunocompetent individuals. This case report details the diagnosis and management of a 14-year-old…
H Alzarooni, H Molabe, F Malherbe
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 0.1% of all breast conditions globally, with a higher incidence in endemic regions such as India, East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It can mimic breast carcinoma, complicating timely diagnosis…
Gustavo Esteban Lugo-Zamudio, Oscar Sosa-Hernández, Briceida López-Martínez, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel, et al.
In Mexico, syphilis and tuberculosis are infectious diseases subject to mandatory and immediate epidemiological surveillance, both with special systems that allow nominal follow-up for either variant. Surveillance uses the operational definitions of probable and confirmed cases e…
Promod K Mehta, Jefry Sebastian
Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging. During the last two decades, several nucleic acid amplification tests have been deliberated to diagnose TB (including EPTB) and drug resistance (DR), i.e. in-house PCR/multiplex-PCR, commercial real-time PCR (e.g. Co…
Begna Tulu, Thomas Theo Brehm, Reinout van Crevel, Tobias Dallenga, Andrew R DiNardo, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) primarily manifests as pulmonary TB (PTB), but extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) remains a major clinical challenge. Distinct diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties arise from differences in immune responses, pathogen behaviour and host susceptibility. However, the fact…