Showing 26–50 of 160 documents
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Bogdan Sendrea, Argyrios Periferakis, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Ioannis Xefteris, Lamprini Troumpata, et al.
Spinal infections in general, and infectious spondylodiscitis in particular, are increasingly diagnosed in the Western world, in recent decades. This rise in incidence is associated with an ageing population and with an increased availability of accurate diagnostic modalities. Ev…
Ben J Marais, H Simon Schaaf
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of disease and death in young children from TB-endemic countries, especially in areas affected by poverty, social disruption, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article reviews the disease burden and the natural history of di…
Alanna Bergman, Tania Thomas
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an ongoing threat. TB requires exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but disease development is driven by exposure, infectiousness, susceptibility, and environment. TB elimination requires increased awareness about TB prevention and treatment strategie…
L M Méndez-Rodríguez, L C Nocua-Báez, G Mejía-Salgado, A de-la-Torre, C A Álvarez-Moreno
Infectious uveitis is an inflammation of the uveal tract, corresponding to the middle layer of the eye, triggered by a response against an infectious agent. This condition is classified into anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis. The most frequent infectious agents in …
Mohit Goyal, Sham Santhanam
Tropical rheumatic diseases (TRDs) can be due to infectious as well as non-infectious causes. General and disease-specific risk factors have been identified as reasons for the prevalence of these diseases in the tropics. Predisposing factors such as higher temperatures and humidi…
Gustavo Esteban Lugo-Zamudio, Oscar Sosa-Hernández, Briceida López-Martínez, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel, et al.
…iological surveillance issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health. However, both diseases, mainly in the chronic state, present challenges because of their ability to mimic autoimmune disorders. This review explores the phenomenon of clinical and …
Anna Didkowska, Monika Krajewska‐Wędzina, Blanka Orłowska, Monika Kozińska, Ewa Augustynowicz‐Kopeć, et al.
Although Poland is officially tuberculosis (TB) free, meaning that less than 0.1% of her cattle herd is TB-positive, the problem of bovine TB in Poland may be re-emerging: its presence has recently been confirmed in domestic and companion animals, wildlife such as the European bi…
Musarrat Afza, Sam Ghebrehewet, Merav Kliner
…ing an incident control team. Background information on the epidemiology and clinical features of TB and the public health response to TB in educational, healthcare, and occupational settings are discussed. Case definitions, and a detailed risk assessment, with clear description …
Peter J. Dodd, Carel Pretorius, Brian Williams
…is chapter, we focus on mathematical models of tuberculosis epidemiology (TB) that include interactions with HIV and an explicit representation of transmission. We review the natural history of TB and illustrate how its features are simplified and incorporated in mathematical mod…
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
This chapter discusses the global and local epidemiology, clinical features, and recent selected advances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a…
Saskia Ricks, Claudia M. Denkinger, Samuel G. Schumacher, Timothy B. Hallett, Nimalan Arinaminpathy
In particular, urine-based tests aim to detect the mycobacterium lipoarabinomannan antigen, part of the outer cell wall of mycobacteria. It is less invasive to collect urine than sputum samples in clinical settings, with lower infection risk to healthcare workers. A test's epidem…
Rajita Bhavaraju, Bruno Andrade, Suzanne Siminski, Soyeon Kim, Mark Hatherill, et al.
…nding sources, resulting in about 200 publications covering epidemiology, drug resistance, biomarkers, comorbidities, transcriptomics, diagnostics, and immunology. Capacity building is conducted through research fellowships and collaborations with other consortia including with a…
Adrian R Martineau
…ely positive results from laboratory studies, observational epidemiology and early RCTs in the field. **RECENT FINDINGS:** The latest evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses does not support the use of vitamin D supplements to prevent ARI or tuberculosis infection, or to enhance re…
Jenni L. McDonald, Richard J. Delahay, Robbie A. McDonald
Badgers are an important reservoir of bovine TB in the UK. We discuss how the combination of individual epidemiological data, tracking studies and modelling frameworks enabled exploration of host–pathogen theories in relation to badger life history and disease ecology, focusing o…
Cristina Cioti, Miruna Cristian Gherase, Irina Tica, Gabriela Fricatel, Elena Ciciu, et al.
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and lung cancer (LC) are major causes of global respiratory morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence suggests that tuberculosis may induce persistent pulmonary alterations that extend beyond microbiological cure, potentially facilitating lung carc…
Shiva Raj Mishra, Kamal Ghimire, Vishnu Khanal, Diptesh Aryal, Bijaya Shrestha, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Nepal witnessed a tumultuous journey over past two centuries, marked by significant political, social, and cultural shifts. From fighting British colonial encroachments in 1800s, the dynastic Rana regime (1846-1951), and democracy movements in the late 1950s, 19…
Maria Helena Favarato, Victoria Luisa Pereira Aguiar, Edison Ferreira Paiva, Leonardo Oliveira Mendonça
…d, LILACS, and SciELO was reviewed to summarize evidence on epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and diagnostic strategies. **RESULTS:** Recurrent fever may arise from infectious diseases, autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders, malignancies, metabolic or occupational conditi…
Joon Young Choi
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality, most often linked to smoking. However, growing evidence indicates that previous tuberculosis (TB) infection is also a critical risk factor for COPD. This review aimed at provid…
Justin Devine, Bart Jacobs, Isabel Leroux-Roels, Geert Leroux-Roels, Robbert van der Most
With ageing populations, the prevalence of different types of dementias is increasing. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has been linked to the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system of patients. Th…
Nathalia M Correa-Valencia, Jorge A Fernández-Silva
…ormation compiled over the last 100 years to understand the epidemiology and public health response to PTB in Colombia. Using four academic databases, we retrieved articles that mentioned MAP/PTB in Colombia, had no language limitations, and were published between 1924 and 2024. …
Ashok Kumar Pannu
…among the leading causes. This article reviews the evolving epidemiology of PUO in LMICs and proposes a structured, stepwise diagnostic approach that integrates local epidemiology, potential diagnostic clues, targeted investigations, and whole-body imaging to improve diagnostic a…
Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Anzaan Dippenaar, Robin M. Warren, Jennifer Furin, et al.
…nical perspective and focuses on the clinical and molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Tuberculosis (TB) is far from eradicated and remains the foremost single infectious disease killer worldwide. Molecular epidemiolog…
Sílvia Muller de Moura Sarmento, Rodrigo Silveira Pinto
The Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) was developed with the objective of collecting, transmitting and disseminating data routinely generated by the Epidemiological Surveillance System (SVE), especially for compulsorily notifiable diseases, including tubercu…
Daniel Peptenatu, Aurel Mihail Băloi, Octavian Andronic, Andreea Karina Gruia, Alexandra Grecu, et al.
The impact of environmental factors on public health is increasingly recognized globally, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis are significantly influenced by the quality of the environment. The research examines the correlation between contamination of the environment an…
Jay Mehta, Asim K. Dutt
This chapter investigates how the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) has changed in recent years due to shifting demographic trends. Although the incidence of TB in the United States has followed a generally downward trend in recent decades, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and an increase i…