Showing 1–25 of 37 documents
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Yang Yang, Dan Ye, Zhentao Fei, Ping Liu, Huarui Liu, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, characterized by age-specific difficulties especially in diagnosis compared to adults. This review summarizes key advances in pediatric TB diagnostics over the past five years. **METHODS:** Lite…
Pooja Semwal, Manjit Kaur Saini, Moinak Sen Sarma
…atotoxicity (ATDIH) is a significant concern while managing pediatric tuberculosis. There is limited data on pediatric ATDIH, and much of the management practices are extrapolated from adult experiences. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the incidence, risk factor…
Silla Varghese Thomas, Priya Rajendran, Sivakumar Shanmugam
This review provides an insight into pediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in India. Significant challenges still exist in the accurate diagnosis of pediatric TB due to the paucibacillary status of the bacilli and the nonspecific clinical symptoms. Despite advancements in newer d…
Daniel Mashiach, Justin Shon, Raquel Mashiach, Gregory Ayzenberg, Osnat Barazani, et al.
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a critically underrecognized contributor to global childhood morbidity and mortality, with the highest burden concentrated in low-resource settings. Although children comprise a minority of overall TB cases, mortality is disproportionately high…
Xingyu Lu, Yiyi Hu, Yue Hu, Fei Zhao, Peiyang Fan, et al.
…nifestations and symptoms, early screening and diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis present significant challenges. In recent years, the(AI) healthcare industry has emerged as a major driving force for transformation in the global healthcare sector. Through technologies …
Mina'a Shahid, Kiran Hilal, Memoona Khan, Zainab Haider Ejaz, Sadaf Altaf, et al.
Pediatric liver masses encompass a diverse spectrum of benign and malignant lesions, with distinct patterns based on patient age. Optimal imaging is critical for timely diagnosis, management, and prognosis. This pictorial minireview categorizes pediatric liver masses by age group…
Aishwarya Venkataraman, Nancy Hilda Joseph, Gopika Sadanandan, S Balasubramanian
…during the COVID-19 pandemic, which substantially disrupted pediatric research and child health services. The pandemic exposed critical ethical, operational, and communicative tensions, especially with respect to informed consent, caregiver trust, and safe research implementation…
Vito Di Lernia, Alberto Sticchi
…*INTRODUCTION:** Moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in the pediatric population represents a complex therapeutic challenge. Although the advent of biologic drugs (anti-TNF, anti-IL17) has revolutionized efficacy standards, there remains an unmet need for oral, safe therapeutic o…
Yuho Horikoshi, Michiko Toizumi
…nally and distributed globally through WHO-UNICEF programs. Pediatric TB has become rare, with fewer than 100 new cases annually. Most are identified through adults contact investigations; others are diagnosed based on clinical symptoms or screening. In recent years, the proporti…
Susanna Esposito, Beatrice Rita Campana, Gaia Giorgia Arnesano, Nicola Principi
…lnerable population in whom diagnosis is often challenging. Pediatric TB is typically paucibacillary and presents with non-specific clinical manifestations, limiting the sensitivity of microbiological confirmation and increasing reliance on immunological tests. The Tuberculin Ski…
Latifah Alfahad, Ayman Khushaim, Waleed Alhabeeb, Abdullah Alzayed, Musab Almushayqih
…trum of BCG-vaccine-related infections in immunocompromised pediatric patients, which can be localized (BCGitis) or disseminated (BCGosis). We illustrate the more common imaging findings, including lymphadenopathy and involvement of solid organs, as well as less frequently encoun…
Ben J Marais, H Simon Schaaf
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of disease and death in young children from TB-endemic countries, especially in areas affected by poverty, social disruption, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article reviews the disease burden and the natural history of di…
Declan Ikechukwu Emegano, Ilker Ozsahin, Emeje Paul Isaac, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin, Oyibo Saidu Silas, et al.
…EW:** The literature review is pertinent because diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis (PdTB) remains quite challenging, especially in areas with limited resources, due to complications caused by variable generalized symptoms, paucibacillary characteristics, vague clinical manifestat…
Mohammed Amin, Khaled Sidani, Mohamad Housheimy, Sarah Kawtharani, Joelle Hassanieh, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Pediatric spinal epidural abscess is considered to be a rare illness. Despite all the recent improvements in the diagnosis and the treatment of this rare condition, the morbidity and mortality rate is still high especially if the diagnosis was not achieved early o…
Susanna Esposito, Valentina Fainardi, Beatrice Rita Campana, Gaia Giorgia Arnesano, Nicola Principi
…mong children worldwide, with approximately one million new pediatric cases annually. The conventional treatment for drug-susceptible TB has long relied on a 6-month multidrug regimen, which is highly effective but associated with challenges in adherence, toxicity, and healthcare…
Young June Choe, Keun Ju Kim, Lay-Myint Yoshida, Michiko Toizumi, Yung-Ching Lin
…9;rin (BCG) vaccine remains essential for preventing severe pediatric tuberculosis (TB). This review compares BCG policies in Korea, Japan, and Taiwan - three low-burden countries with differing strategies. Notably, Taiwan and Japan have delayed vaccination to 5-8 months s…
Ingrid Burkhardt, Florian Götzinger, Lahia Iipumbu, Elizabeth Whittaker, Gunar Günther, et al.
… strategies. **AREAS COVERED:** We present current data on pediatric and adolescent MDR-TB combined with expert opinion to guide the reader through the pediatric and adolescent MDR-TB care cascade. This includes background information and practical guidance on the disease, the e…
Matteo Capobianco, Francesco Cappellani, Federico Visalli, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, et al.
…keratoconjunctivitis (PKC) goes beyond limbal nodules. This pediatric ocular surface condition caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity to microbial antigens. The trigger is context-dependent: Mycobacterial antigens in tuberculosis-endemic areas; staphylococcal eyelid disease and …
Alessandra Li Pomi, Antonella Gambadauro, Francesca Galletta, Giuseppe Fabio Parisi, Salvatore Leonardi, et al.
…ell as clinically distinct from both thecomplex and. In the pediatric age group, NTM disease manifests with a diverse range of clinical phenotypes. Cervicofacial lymphadenitis stands out as the most common presentation among children who are immunocompetent. Conversely, skin and …
Gregorio Paolo Milani, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Mara Cananzi, Luca Spiezia, Enrico Vidal
: Fever and pain are among the most common symptoms in pediatric infections and chronic diseases, causing significant discomfort for children and concern for caregivers. Effective management is essential to relieve distress while avoiding overtreatment or undertreatment. Paraceta…
Peter J Kitonsa, Devan Jaganath
**INTRODUCTION:** Pediatric tuberculosis (TB), especially among children co-infected with HIV, remains a significant global health challenge. Traditional sputum-based diagnostics are less effective in this population due to difficulties in sample collection and paucibacillary dis…
Aanchal Datta, M Vishnu Vardhan, Chhitij Srivastava
…pertension and diaphoresis, with a predilection in males of pediatric age. Keeping a low threshold for diagnosis and early detection is essential for reducing long-term neurological sequelae. Our case report is the 7th case in the literature of PSH in TBM (unrelated to hydrocepha…
Adeniyi Olagunju, Simone Perazzolo, Zachary R Stephen, Mark Ryan, Xiaolin Xu, et al.
… computational modeling to accelerate their development for pediatric and perinatal health are discussed. Due to complexities in manufacturing, and the diversity of patent-protected technologies, barriers exist for global access to LA products and in upscaling intricate LA formul…
Nin-Chieh Hsu, Yu-Feng Lin, Hung-Bin Tsai, Charles Liao, Chia-Hao Hsu
…umonia, pleural effusion, and interstitial syndromes across pediatric and adult populations. However, specificity may decline in tuberculosis-endemic or obese populations due to technical limitations and overlapping imaging patterns. Overdiagnosis remains a concern, as highly sen…
Saurav Jyoti Patgiri, Anukalpa Saikia, Sushmita Yadav, Md Atique Ahmed, Luna Adhikari, et al.
…logic manifestations such as erythema nodosum. Imported and pediatric cases were also found. Numerous cases were misidentified as cancer, fungal infections, or tuberculosis. Among risk factors, diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent. Non-specific symptoms, a lack of laboratory …