Showing 1–25 of 60 documents
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Akihiro Ohkado, Seiya Kato
Epidemiology of TB provides important information for clinical diagnosis. The risk of TB infection and disease development depends on exposure to bacilli, i.e., contact with infectious TB patients, host factors such as comorbidities, and socio-economic conditions. TB was called a…
Wei Zhang, Qing Wang, Liru Zhang, Jiangxiong Wu, Jinlu Liu, et al.
…, bacterial genotyping has made a great contribution to the epidemiology of drug-resistant bacteria, and it should gradually become the mainstream monitoring method to be implemented.
Charles R. Newton
This chapter looks at the epidemiology of bacterial and parasitic infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Bacteria and parasites are important infections of the CNS, but the epidemiology has changed significantly over the last few decades with the introduction of vaccines…
A.S. Rodrigues, Elisabete Calabuig Chapina Ohara, Lívia Mendes Oliveira, Nathália Lima Souza
… Health. Descriptors used for the search were tuberculosis, epidemiology, incidence, vulnerability. The time frame determined 2012- 2022. RESULTS: In the stratification by Federated Unit, there is evidence of an important heterogeneity in the country, with the highest incidence c…
Lucas Gabriel Quadros Ramos, Fernanda Moreira Soares Boaventura Silveira, Jessica Elen Martins Alves, Karina Andrade de Prince
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, considering that this comorbidity represents a public health problem, it is of paramount importance to understand the associated clinical, epidemiological, and economic factors due to its high prevalence …
Maria Soledade Garcia Benedetti, Émerson Ricardo de Sousa Capistrano, Angela Maria Félix Alves Oliveira, Elba Urzedo de Freitas Lamounier, Karla Cristina Souza Rocha, et al.
Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among Venezuelan immigrants in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study, data were collected from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases - Sinan, in the period fr…
Reiko Hayashi
While medicine has been present throughout Japan’s history, health administration emerged in modern times, specifically from the Meiji era. The initial development of the health system was significantly influenced by the introduction of Western concepts and the impact of pandemic…
Koffi Herve Yangni‐Angate
Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) is not rare in Africa with tuberculosis as the most common etiology. A long history of visceral tuberculosis, typical symptoms of CCP because of late clinical presentation in most cases, make diagnosis almost easy to establish. Echocardiogr…
Rita Verstraeten, Marta Cossa, Leonardo Martínez, Kristin N. Nelson, Dinis Nguenha, et al.
Ending TB has been a global struggle for decades. Despite numerous efforts to accelerate the reduction in incidence and mortality, TB continues to be one of the top infectious killers worldwide. Global advances in reducing TB burden have been halted or reversed by the impact of t…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Globally, tuberculosis is one of the top 10 overall causes of death, the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, and the principal cause of death among subjects living with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The United Nations and the World Health Organization…
Anna Didkowska, Monika Krajewska‐Wędzina, Blanka Orłowska, Monika Kozińska, Ewa Augustynowicz‐Kopeć, et al.
Although Poland is officially tuberculosis (TB) free, meaning that less than 0.1% of her cattle herd is TB-positive, the problem of bovine TB in Poland may be re-emerging: its presence has recently been confirmed in domestic and companion animals, wildlife such as the European bi…
Musarrat Afza, Sam Ghebrehewet, Merav Kliner
…ing an incident control team. Background information on the epidemiology and clinical features of TB and the public health response to TB in educational, healthcare, and occupational settings are discussed. Case definitions, and a detailed risk assessment, with clear description …
Peter J. Dodd, Carel Pretorius, Brian Williams
…is chapter, we focus on mathematical models of tuberculosis epidemiology (TB) that include interactions with HIV and an explicit representation of transmission. We review the natural history of TB and illustrate how its features are simplified and incorporated in mathematical mod…
Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Anzaan Dippenaar, Robin M. Warren, Jennifer Furin, et al.
…nical perspective and focuses on the clinical and molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Tuberculosis (TB) is far from eradicated and remains the foremost single infectious disease killer worldwide. Molecular epidemiolog…
Jenni L. McDonald, Richard J. Delahay, Robbie A. McDonald
Badgers are an important reservoir of bovine TB in the UK. We discuss how the combination of individual epidemiological data, tracking studies and modelling frameworks enabled exploration of host–pathogen theories in relation to badger life history and disease ecology, focusing o…
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
This chapter discusses the global and local epidemiology, clinical features, and recent selected advances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a…
Saskia Ricks, Claudia M. Denkinger, Samuel G. Schumacher, Timothy B. Hallett, Nimalan Arinaminpathy
In particular, urine-based tests aim to detect the mycobacterium lipoarabinomannan antigen, part of the outer cell wall of mycobacteria. It is less invasive to collect urine than sputum samples in clinical settings, with lower infection risk to healthcare workers. A test's epidem…
Daniel Peptenatu, Aurel Mihail Băloi, Octavian Andronic, Andreea Karina Gruia, Alexandra Grecu, et al.
The impact of environmental factors on public health is increasingly recognized globally, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis are significantly influenced by the quality of the environment. The research examines the correlation between contamination of the environment an…
Sílvia Muller de Moura Sarmento, Rodrigo Silveira Pinto
The Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) was developed with the objective of collecting, transmitting and disseminating data routinely generated by the Epidemiological Surveillance System (SVE), especially for compulsorily notifiable diseases, including tubercu…
Dhara Gosai, Jigar B. Gosai, Omprakash Shital Shukla
Background: Tuberculosis is the world's second leading cause of death from an infectious disease, being second only to AIDS. There is a lack of good data on the prevalence of all types of tuberculosis among children in India; most surveys have focused on pulmonary tuberculosis. T…
Linda Bryder
The slate industry had become a commercial enterprise in the counties of Caernarvonshire and Merionethshire in North Wales by the mideighteenth century. 1 At the end of the nineteenth century, this area included the two largest slate quarries in the world, Penrhyn Quarry near Bet…
Richard Turner
… and pertussis are particularly common in some regions, and epidemiology is changing. Prompt diagnosis and treatment has public health implications; respiratory pathogens benefit from the human cough reflex for their own transmission. Specific pathogen-derived factors have now be…
Kevin Flores-Lovon, Edwin Herrera, Paola Salinas, Rodney Macedo
Individuals who have co-infection with COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) are more likely to have severe illness and higher mortality. Thus, we sought to review the biological, immunological, clinical, and epidemiological interactions between COVID-19 viral infection and Mycobacteriu…
Hemali Savla, Bhushan S. Bhale, Nisha Sharma, Pradnya R. Petkar
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mtb has further increased the disease-related mortality…
Deepali Kalambhe, Nilam Wavhal
…st of these NZDs are preventable; hence, awareness of their epidemiology, transmission, prevention, and control measures is fundamental. Some of the critically neglected zoonotic diseases, such as anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, cysticercosis, echinococc…