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Lyu C, Shi H, Cui Y, Li M, Yan Z, et al.
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is an important part of global TB prevention and control. Diagnosis of childhood TB still remains challenging when using conventional tests, due to the non-specific clinical manifestations and paucibacillary nature of the specimens. Thus, a sensitive, …
Bhatia R, Chauhan A, Kaur K, Rana M, Singh M
In India, children do not get diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) for reasons such as lack of screening modality at the health-care settings, inadequate sputum sample, and low detection rate. This study aims to assess various modalities for diagnosis of pediatric TB and their cost-e…
Olbrich L, Nliwasa M, Sabi I, Ntinginya NE, Khosa C, et al.
Introduction An estimated 1.2 million children develop tuberculosis (TB) every year with 240,000 dying because of missed diagnosis. Existing tools suffer from lack of accuracy and are often unavailable. Here, we describe the scientific and clinical methodology applied in RaPaed-T…
Kumar NP, Hissar S, Thiruvengadam K, Banurekha VV, Suresh N, et al.
Pediatric TB poses challenge in diagnosis due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. We conducted a prospective diagnostic study to identify immune biomarkers of pediatric TB and controls (discovery cohort) and obtained a separate "validation" cohort of confirmed cases of p…
Garba MA, Ogunbosi BO, Musa A, Ibraheem RM, Alao MA, et al.
Background The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria remains high, and diagnosis in children, a challenge. We aimed to document yield from Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) as a mode of diagnosis for children and the variables associated with a positive resul…
Kumar NP, Hissar S, Thiruvengadam K, Banurekha VV, Balaji S, et al.
Background Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging due to paucibacillary disease, and lack of ability for microbiologic confirmation. Hence, we measured the plasma chemokines as biomarkers for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis. Methods We conducted a prospective…
He Y, Lyon CJ, Nguyen DT, Liu C, Sha W, et al.
Diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is often complicated by its nonspecific symptoms, paucibacillary nature, and the need for invasive specimen collection techniques. However, a recently reported assay that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors in serum can di…
Gómez-Valverde JJ, Sánchez-Jacob R, Ribó JL, Schaaf HS, García Delgado L, et al.
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and death worldwide, with a significant impact on children, especially those under the age of 5 years. The complex diagnosis of pediatric TB, compounded by limited access to more accurate diagnostic tests, underscore…
Yadav R, Vaidya P, Mathew JL, Verma S, Khaneja R, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children still remains a challenge in developing countries. We analyze the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pediatric TB under programmatic conditions. We retrospectively analyzed the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay from Fe…
Johari M, Sharma R, Bagri DR, Malhotra B
Background Tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Early diagnosis and treatment in children are challenging, more so in resource-limited, tuberculosis-endemic countries. In 2017, the WHO endorsed the use of CBNAAT for tuberculosis diagnosis.…
Tornheim JA, Paradkar M, Zhao H, Kulkarni V, Pradhan N, et al.
Objectives Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains difficult to diagnose. The plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (K/T ratio) is a potential biomarker for TB diagnosis and treatment response but has not been assessed in children. Methods We performed a targeted diagnostic accuracy …
Roberta Feijó Carvalho, Sandra Valéria Coelho da Silva, Michely Alexandrino de Souza Pinheiro, Rafaela Baroni Aurilio, Edwin Tao Ming Klinkenberg, et al.
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a diagnostic challenge in Brazil and worldwide. The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends a clinical scoring system (S-MoH) for children and adolescents with suspected TB. Interpretation of radiographs within this scoring system may require s…
Mohammed Suleiman, Andrés Pérez-López, Ruwa Mohamed, Faheem Mirza, Amina Souli, et al.
Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease and difficulty in obtaining sputum samples. This 6-year retrospective study compared the diagnostic performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra PCR (GX-MTB/R-U) assay, an improv…
Matúš Dohál, Věra Dvořáková, Michaela Hromádková, Peter Kunč, Jaroslav Fábry, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis remains a challenge due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, resulting in 51.00% of TB cases remaining undiagnosed, rising to 58% in children under five years of age. **METHODS:** This study evaluates the effectivene…
Grønningen E, Nanyaro M, Sviland L, Ngadaya E, Muller W, et al.
Pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a diagnostic challenge. A new immunochemistry based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown improved sensitivity compared to current laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to implement and validate the test performance in a reso…
Li L, Mao L, van der Zalm MM, Olivo J, Liu S, et al.
Objectives Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is complicated by challenges in obtaining invasive respiratory specimens that frequently contain few Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli. We report the diagnostic performance of an Mtb antigen-derived peptide (MAP-TB) assay an…
Erem G, Otike C, Okuja M, Ameda F, Nalyweyiso DI, et al.
… the utility of chest ultrasound scans (CUS) for triage and diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to compare CUS features to chest radiography (CXR), which is the recommended imaging modality in children with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis …
Agarwal A, Kodethoor D, Khanna A, Hanif M
Background India houses 27% of the tuberculosis cases worldwide. Pediatric tuberculosis accounts for 11% cases worldwide. Microbiological confirmation of diagnosis is difficult in children. We aimed to study the proportion of Stool CBNAAT (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplificati…
Gaensbauer J, Broadhurst R
Purpose of review Tuberculosis is leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and a significant proportion of the burden of disease occurs in children. In the past 5 years, a number of innovations have improved the diagnosis and treatment for children with both latent tubercu…
Baucom C, LaPonsie S
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of illness and death throughout the world. Despite its high prevalence worldwide, a diagnosis of TB can be hampered by variable clinical presentation, differences in host response, and lack of clinician awareness. In addition to the lungs…
Nathella Pavan Kumar, Syed Hissar, Arul Nancy, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Velayuthum V Banurekha, et al.
Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children presents significant challenges, necessitating the identification of reliable biomarkers for accurate diagnosis. In this study, we investigated plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as …
Miranda-Schaeubinger M, Venkatakrishna SSB, Otero HJ, Marais BJ, Goussard P, et al.
…ographs (CXR) have played an important and evolving role in diagnosis, classification and management of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). During the pre-chemotherapy era, CXR aided in determining infectiousness, mainly to guide isolation practices, by detecting calcified and…
Kashyap B, Gupta N, Dewan P, Hyanki P, Singh NP
… of disease severity, therapeutic response and prognosis in tuberculosis has been suggested. This study aims to determine the levels of high sensitivity CRP (hs CRP) among the pediatric tuberculosis cases. A case control study was conducted on 60 clinically diagnosed (clinical fi…
Mijović H, Al-Nasser Y, Al-Rawahi GN, Roberts AD
Microbiologic confirmation of pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains challenging, leading to diagnostic delays. In our retrospective case series, real-time molecular testing (Xpert MTB/RIF) on respiratory and extrapulmonary specimens resulted in a more rapid diagnosis of e…
Lounnas M, Diack A, Nicol MP, Eyangoh S, Wobudeya E, et al.
…atory samples for bacteriological confirmation of childhood tuberculosis but require intensive laboratory processing before molecular testing to remove PCR inhibitors and debris. We aimed to develop a centrifuge-free processing method for use in resource-limited settings based on…