Showing 1–22 of 22 documents
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Prakash Ghosh, Shaheda Anwar, Martin Siegel, Julius Boniface Okuni, Manfred Weidmann, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is central to ensuring the proper treatment and curbing the transmission of the disease. Despite the significant burden, the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node(LN)TB, the most prevalent form of extra pulmonary tu…
Wei-Chang Huang, Yi-Wen Huang, Chih-Bin Lin, Shun-Tien Chien, Chih-Hsin Lee, et al.
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) were performed selectively as an initial diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Taiwan. We assessed whether expanded use of Xpert MTB/RIF assay as an initial diagnostic test made positive contribution to the management of TB. P…
Saima Bashir, Lelisa Fekadu Assebe, Akash Malhotra, Délio Elísio, Antonio Machiana, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), tuberculosis (TB) regained its status as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in 2023, surpassing COVID-19. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical, with decentralised diagnostic strategies offerin…
Weicong Ren, Mengjie Yang, You Zhou, Yinghui Yang, Haoran Li, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculous pleurisy (TP), a predominant form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, presents significant diagnostic challenges attributable to the paucibacillary nature of pleural effusion (PE) specimens. Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in PE represents a…
Jayne S Sutherland, Gian D van der Spuy, Jane A Shaw, Tracy Richardson, Elisa M Tjon Kon Fat, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Non-sputum-based, point-of-care triage tests for pulmonary tuberculosis could enhance tuberculosis diagnostic programs. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 2 finger-stick blood tests: the Cepheid 3 gene host-response cartridge (Xpert-HR), which measures 3 host …
Junji Chen, Luqing Zhao, Xiang Zhou, Yi Mo, Lanting Kong, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** This study aimed to evaluate the safety and diagnostic performance of recombinant fusion protein early secretory antigenic target protein 6-culture filtrate protein 10 (EC) in a community-based population aged ≥6 months. **METHODS:** We conducted a 2-stage…
Xuelin Yang, Hao Zhang, Wenjie Jiang, You Xin, Zhenwei Dai, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a globally concerning infectious disease, and significant challenges persist in attaining the 2030 targets set by the WHO. With the rapid advancements in computer-aided detection (CAD) technology, CAD-assisted Chest X-Ray (CAD-CXR) has …
Xiaolin Wei, Dabin Liang, Zhitong Zhang, Kevin E Thorpe, Lingyun Zhou, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in rural areas of high-burden countries like China. Active case finding (ACF) and timely treatment have been proven effective in reducing TB prevalence, but the impact on the TB epidemic…
Brekhna Aurangzeb, Dennis Robert, Cynthia Baard, Abid Ali Qureshi, Aneela Shaheen, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children is challenging owing to paucibacillary disease, non-specific symptoms and signs and challenges in microbiological confirmation. Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation is fundamental for diagnosis and classifying dise…
Seda Yerlikaya, Masuzyo Chirwa, Bukola Ajide, Maria Del Mar Castro, Huy Ha, et al.
… (WHO) accuracy targets for near-point-of-care tuberculosis diagnostics (≥85% sensitivity for sputum and ≥75% for nonsputum and ≥98% specificity for both). The median score on the system usability scale (range, 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better p…
Rachael M Burke, Saulos K Nyirenda, Timeo Mtenga, Hussein H Twabi, Elizabeth Joekes, et al.
…B) being the major cause of death. Systematic use of new TB diagnostics could improve TB diagnosis and might improve outcomes. **METHODS:** We conducted a cluster randomized trial among adult PHIV admitted to Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. Admission days were randomly assigned …
Qiang Li, Li Jian, Qiquan Zhao
Nonresolving or slowly resolving pneumonia (NRP) poses a diagnostic challenge because infectious and noninfectious etiologies often mimic community-acquired pneumonia on imaging. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (EBUS-TBLB) improves tissue acquisition fo…
Xichao Ou, Guan Liu, Baozhen Peng, Yuehua Li, Hegui Yan, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Accurate and cost-effective screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a global challenge. While Interferon-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) offer high specificity, their widespread deployment is hindered by high costs and technical complexity.…
Aita Signorell, Alastair van Heerden, Irene Ayakaka, Bart Karl Jacobs, Marina Antillon, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in many African communities, where underreporting and underdiagnosis are prevalent due to barriers in accessing care and inadequate diagnostic tools. This is particularly concerning in hard-to-reach…
Claudio Damião Rosa, Lucilaine Ferrazoli, Debora Pereira Dos Santos, Carolina Pedace, Naila Cristina Soler-Camargo, et al.
…al control group (i.e., individuals who received resistance diagnostics based on the standard of care of conventional genotyping and phenotyping techniques). The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients whose treatment scheme was adequate based on complete resistance pr…
Felix Gerber, Robina Semphere, Blaise Lukau, Palesa Mahlatsi, Hannah Mbale, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Whether same-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be offered to people with HIV with tuberculosis symptoms or whether ART should be initiated only after tuberculosis diagnostic results are available is unknown. This randomised trial aimed to determine whether s…
Maria Del Mar Castro, Celso Khosa, Grace Mhalu, Lonze Ndelwa, Simeon Mwanyonga, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment are key to ending tuberculosis (TB). Incorporating users' preferences when implementing decentralised strategies for diagnosis may facilitate scale-up and impact. This qualitative study embedded within a cluster rando…
Julie Huynh, Chishala Chabala, Suvasini Sharma, Louise Choo, Varinder Singh, et al.
…nclude pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, pathophysiology, diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers, in-depth neurodevelopmental outcomes, MRI and health economics. **ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:** Local ethics committees at all participating study sites and respective regulators app…
Pichanon Mingchay, Kamon Kawkitinarong, Pattama Torvorapanit, Pirapon June Ohata, Gompol Suwanpimolkul
**BACKGROUND:** Delayed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis, especially with limited bronchoscopy resources, worsens outcomes and increases transmission risks. Sputum induction offers a noninvasive and effective alternative. We investigated whether adding nebulized bronchodila…
Emilyn Costa Conceição, Karla Valéria Batista Lima, Cristiane Cunha Frota, Theolis Costa Barbosa Bessa, Adriana Ayden Ferreira, et al.
…development and the introduction of decentralized WGS-based diagnostics in resource-limited regions. The project adopts a translational research model and a networked, decentralized approach, facilitating the prompt integration of the knowledge generated into public health practi…
Scott K Heysell, Stellah G Mpagama, Edwin Nuwagira, Bibie Said, Mark Conaway, et al.
…psis in Africa are at risk of death due to tuberculosis but diagnostics for tuberculosis might be delayed or inaccessible for people presenting for critical care. We aimed to compare the effects of immediate empirical and high-dose antituberculosis therapy on 28-day mortality in …
Menonli Adjobimey, Anete Trajman, Mayara Lisboa Bastos, Chantal Valiquette, Diana Gibson, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** The World Health Organization recommends evaluation of all household contacts (HHC) of index tuberculosis (TB) patients for TB disease (TBD) and TB infection (TBI). Tests to identify TBI and TBD are preferred but can be skipped in persons living with HIV and child…