Showing 76–100 of 145 documents
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Brekhna Aurangzeb, Dennis Robert, Cynthia Baard, Abid Ali Qureshi, Aneela Shaheen, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children is challenging owing to paucibacillary disease, non-specific symptoms and signs and challenges in microbiological confirmation. Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation is fundamental for diagnosis and classifying dise…
Thanakorn Vongjarudech, Anne-Gaëlle Dosne, Bart Remmerie, Mats O Karlsson, Elin M Svensson
Evaluating QT prolongation induced by anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in patients with active TB, who often experience tachycardia, is challenging due to the limitations of Fridericia's correction factor (QTcF) in decorrelating QTc from heart rate (HR). Previous exposure-QTcF analys…
Patrick P J Phillips, Charles A Peloquin, Timothy R Sterling, Pawandeep Kaur, Andreas H Diacon, et al.
…tion of optimal dosing has generally been inadequate during tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Fluoroquinolones are central to TB treatment.To determine the dose of levofloxacin needed to achieve maximal efficacy and acceptable safety and tolerability as part of a multidrug TB r…
Nan Qin, Jing Chen, Lili Chen, Weihong Hu, Yan Feng, et al.
…* Treatment compliance is considered significant for curing tuberculosis (TB). Digital adherence technologies (DATs) have been recommended for improving treatment compliance and outcomes of patients with TB. Whereas the effectiveness of DATs on TB treatment remains indefinite, we…
Rachael M Burke, Saulos K Nyirenda, Timeo Mtenga, Hussein H Twabi, Elizabeth Joekes, et al.
…s (PHIV) admitted to the hospital have high mortality, with tuberculosis (TB) being the major cause of death. Systematic use of new TB diagnostics could improve TB diagnosis and might improve outcomes. **METHODS:** We conducted a cluster randomized trial among adult PHIV admitte…
Jennifer A Hughes, Belén P Solans, Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Heather R Draper, H Simon Schaaf, et al.
…mine in children treated for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). **METHODS:** Children aged <18 years were eligible. Clofazimine was administered by weight-based dosing. Sparse and semi-intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was completed at baseline and weeks 2…
Pawandeep Kaur, Lelia H Chaisson, Zana Wangari Kiragu, Praewpannarai Buddadhumaruk, Ariana F Austin, et al.
…for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) are based on clinical trials evaluating fixed duration regimens. However, when a regimen succeeds, it remains unknown whether a shorter duration could yield the same results. Similarly, if a regi…
Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez, David Lora, Alfredo Tagarro, Cinta Moraleda, Álvaro Ballesteros, et al.
…of an empirical treatment against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and tuberculosis (TB) compared to standard of care (SoC), on adverse events and 15-day and 1-year mortality among infants living with HIV hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Africa. **METHODS AND DESIGN:** The EMPIRICAL t…
Xiaolin Wei, Dabin Liang, Zhitong Zhang, Kevin E Thorpe, Lingyun Zhou, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in rural areas of high-burden countries like China. Active case finding (ACF) and timely treatment have been proven effective in reducing TB prevalence, but the impact on the TB epidemic…
Kamila Romanowski, Yen Pham Ngoc, Leila Barss, Elias Jabbour, James C Johnston, et al.
…UND:** Cost is an important consideration when implementing tuberculosis preventive treatment regimens (TPT). We used data from a phase 2b randomized trial of TPT to estimate overall cost and key drivers of costs for two TPT regimens. **METHODS:** We did a post-hoc analysis of 9…
Laura Iavarone, Silvia M Lavezzi, Antonio J Carcas, Tetyana Chaychenko, Raquel Gabarro-Carrion, et al.
New drugs are urgently needed to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis in combination regimens. Ganfeborole demonstrated bactericidal activity and good tolerability in clinical trials. In preclinical studies, ganfeborole showed embryofetal developmental effects, currently mandating h…
Jeongha Mok, Haesook Seo, Youngsoo Cho, Taehoon Lee, Sang-Ha Kim, et al.
…atment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB); however, real-world data on its effectiveness and safety remain limited. **METHODS:** This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with pulmonary MDR-TB who were treated with a delamanid-containing…
F Fregonese, J White, R K Lim, N Bedingfield, V J Cook, et al.
<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Rifamycin TB preventive treatment (TPT) is critical to TB elimination. However, clinicians may be reluctant to recommend it over concerns related to drug-drug interactions (DDI). In this secondary analysis of data from the 2R² randomised clinica…
Devi Ristian Octavia, Andi Hermansyah, Yunita Nita, Elida Zairina
**BACKGROUND:** Complex and long-term TB treatment increases the risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). Optimal TB treatment requires a multidisciplinary team, but most hospitals do not see this condition. This study aimed to analyze the impact of telecare-based IPC practices on r…
Phuti Choshi, Sarah Pedretti, Tafadzwa Chimbetete, Rama Gangula, Muki Shey, et al.
Genetic associations within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene complex and linked genes in TB-IRIS outcomes remains population specific and not well understood. Here, we conducted a study including well characterised HIV-TB coinfected patients with (n = 86) and …
Thibaut Gelé, Daniel Atwine, Elisabeth Baudin, Winnie Muyindike, Kenneth Mworozi, et al.
…centrations, its effect on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antituberculosis drugs remains lacking in this population. **OBJECTIVES:** To compare the PK of rifampicin and isoniazid with and without EFV co-administration in patients with HIV-TB coinfection using two rifampicin dosing…
Scott K Heysell, Stellah G Mpagama, Edwin Nuwagira, Bibie Said, Mark Conaway, et al.
…pitalised with sepsis in Africa are at risk of death due to tuberculosis but diagnostics for tuberculosis might be delayed or inaccessible for people presenting for critical care. We aimed to compare the effects of immediate empirical and high-dose antituberculosis therapy on 28-…
Aude Sturny-Leclère, Ugo Françoise, Anani D Badjé, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Cyrielle Aka, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Despite tuberculosis being a well-known concern in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the STATIS trial, which focused on its management, highlighted significant mortality rates. Histoplasmosis, a fungal disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa…
Saikaew Chuachan, Hutcha Sriplung, Marisa Ponpuak, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
…OUND:** Close contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) face a high infection risk due to limited chemoprophylaxis. Exercise is known to enhance the lung defense mechanisms. This study evaluated whether intense exercise can boost innate bacterial immunit…
Junji Chen, Luqing Zhao, Xiang Zhou, Yi Mo, Lanting Kong, et al.
…zed, open design (n = 7000). Stage 1 participants underwent tuberculosis-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay (T-SPOT.TB), tuberculin skin test (TST), and EC skin test (ECST). Stage 2 participants only received the ECST. The purposes of the first and second stage were to evalu…
Mailing Huang, Yujin Wang, Tao Chen, Yu Lu, Naihui Chu, et al.
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB) with high mortality. This study evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration and safety of the novel oxazolidinone contezolid compared to linezolid in TBM patients. In this randomized prospective s…
Weicong Ren, Mengjie Yang, You Zhou, Yinghui Yang, Haoran Li, et al.
…rculous pleurisy (TP), a predominant form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, presents significant diagnostic challenges attributable to the paucibacillary nature of pleural effusion (PE) specimens. Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in PE represents a promising biomarker…
Naihui Chu, Wenjuan Nie, Juan Du, Manni Wang, Liping Ma, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease that threatens human health worldwide. Combination chemotherapy is usually recommended for this disease. Recently, 2 nitroimidazole-based agents, namely, delamanid and pretomanid, have been approved by regulatory agencies. JDB0131 is a no…
Xichao Ou, Guan Liu, Baozhen Peng, Yuehua Li, Hegui Yan, et al.
…:** Accurate and cost-effective screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a global challenge. While Interferon-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) offer high specificity, their widespread deployment is hindered by high costs and technical complexity. Conversely,…
Julia L Marshall, Iman Satti, Mirvat Surakhy, Stephanie A Harris, Hazel Morrison, et al.
…elopment of an effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is hampered by an incomplete understanding of immunoprotective mechanisms. We utilise an aerosol human challenge model using attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG, in BCG-naïve UK adults. The primary …