Showing 51–75 of 145 documents
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Manjula Singh, Sindhu Joshi, Vikram Vohra, Rohit Sarin, Suchit Vasant Kamble, et al.
…ac in reducing the incidence of microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis (TB; pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB), development of latent TB infection, and immunogenicity. **DESIGN:** Phase 3 randomised clinical trial (PreVenTB trial). **SETTING:** 18 sites across six states of …
Claudio Damião Rosa, Lucilaine Ferrazoli, Debora Pereira Dos Santos, Carolina Pedace, Naila Cristina Soler-Camargo, et al.
…equencing (WGS) ofcomplex isolates to detect drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). This endorsement was based on the assumption that a faster and more detailed description of the resistance profile would improve treatment prescription for DR-TB by healthcare providers, and hence t…
Emilyn Costa Conceição, Karla Valéria Batista Lima, Cristiane Cunha Frota, Theolis Costa Barbosa Bessa, Adriana Ayden Ferreira, et al.
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains a top cause of death from infectious diseases, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths annually. Given its substantial social and economic burden, TB is a priority in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The WHO's End TB Str…
Menonli Adjobimey, Anete Trajman, Mayara Lisboa Bastos, Chantal Valiquette, Diana Gibson, et al.
…ommends evaluation of all household contacts (HHC) of index tuberculosis (TB) patients for TB disease (TBD) and TB infection (TBI). Tests to identify TBI and TBD are preferred but can be skipped in persons living with HIV and children <5 years. There is equipoise on the need for …
Yeonsoo Baik, Muhammad Musoke, Amon Twinamasiko, Maureen Lamunu, Vivian Nabacwa, et al.
Undertreatment of tuberculosis (TB) is common in resource-limited settings where same-day microbiological diagnosis is unavailable.We evaluated if a simple clinical risk score for predicting active TB could facilitate treatment initiation among individuals at high risk for TB.We …
Mickael Manchon, Mallorie Kerjouan, Delphine Bachelet, Stéphane Jouneau, Charles Ricordel, et al.
…conversion after two months of treatment (M2) for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is associated with treatment failure. We aimed to identify the determinants of persistent culture-positive sputum at M2. **METHODS:** We performed an ancillary study of the multicentric randomized tria…
Wei-Chang Huang, Yi-Wen Huang, Chih-Bin Lin, Shun-Tien Chien, Chih-Hsin Lee, et al.
…med selectively as an initial diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Taiwan. We assessed whether expanded use of Xpert MTB/RIF assay as an initial diagnostic test made positive contribution to the management of TB. Patients who had NAATs as an initial diagnostic test …
Yu Takaizumi, Joy Kinoti, Mayu Hikone, Fred Orina, Helen Meme, et al.
…ACKGROUND:** Treatment failure remains a major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) management. Rapid and objective assessment of treatment response is essential, as existing tools have limited accuracy and slow turnaround times. The PATHFAST TB LAM Ag assay (PATHFAST-LAM), an automate…
Liming Yang, Min Su
…s a serious risk to survival and hinders the improvement of tuberculosis (TB) control effectiveness in Inner Mongolia, China. To improve treatment adherence and health outcomes in Inner Mongolia, this study aims to maximize the impact of an electronic monitor and smartphone app (…
Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Clémentine Roucher, Celso Khosa, Graeme Hoddinott, Marc d'Elbée, et al.
…llion children and young adolescents (<15 years) developing tuberculosis (TB) yearly, more than 50% are undiagnosed and unreported to national TB programmes (NTPs) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is mainly due to poor performance of microbiological tests, limited cl…
Lebohang M Mlambo, Minja Milovanovic, Colleen F Hanrahan, Kegaugetswe Motsomi, Mashido T Morolo, et al.
…effective and widely used approach to identify persons with tuberculosis (TB) disease and infection globally. Despite widespread recommendations for the use of HCI, there remains poor understanding of the impact on and value of contact investigation for participants. Further, how…
Tamara Tovar Sanchez, Jintana Ngamvithayapong-Yanai, Daniel Grint, Samuel Beneteau, Sarmwai Luangjna, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** To end the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, the WHO recommends implementing active case-finding to increase TB detection, as well as the provision of TB preventive treatment (TPT) in contacts of people with TB. However, the scale-up of both strategies remains limited i…
Ahmed Mohamed Dirie, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Salmiah Md Said, Ahmed Zaid Fatah Azman, Kassim Abdi Jimale, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) in children is one of the most significant public health crises in Somalia. This issue is aggravated by the fact that only 36.7% of children aged 12 to 23 months receive the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in Somalia, which helps prev…
Xuelin Yang, Hao Zhang, Wenjie Jiang, You Xin, Zhenwei Dai, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a globally concerning infectious disease, and significant challenges persist in attaining the 2030 targets set by the WHO. With the rapid advancements in computer-aided detection (CAD) technology, CAD-assisted Chest X-Ray (CAD-CXR) has …
Weijian Liu, Tian He, Senlin Zhan, Hongjuan Qin, Jianfeng Zeng, et al.
…daily rifapentine plus isoniazid (1HP) is a new regimen for tuberculosis (TB) infection to lower the incidence of active TB. However, it has not been prescribed for Chinese children, and the optimal dosage of daily rifapentine for children remains controversial. We aimed to asses…
Rakesh Kumar, Pranay Sinha, Anand Krishnan, Manjula Singh, Archna Singh, et al.
…TIVES:** Undernutrition affects nearly half of persons with tuberculosis (PWTB) in India and is a major determinant of poor treatment outcomes and impaired recovery. Randomized evidence on macronutrient supplementation in PWTB remains limited. We evaluated whether an energy-dense…
Kate Rich, Ronelle Burger, Andrew Boulle, Deanne Goldberg, Noxolo Gqada, et al.
… this study was to test whether an airtime reward increased tuberculosis (TB) Check screening uptake. This served as a feasibility study for the planned Phase 2, which aimed to test behavioural messaging to boost take-up of TB testing among users who were advised to get tested by…
Maham Zahid, Fahmidur Rahman, Mahmoud Danaee, Shakhawat Hossain Rana, Asiful Chowdhury, et al.
**IMPORTANCE:** Smoking worsens outcomes in people with tuberculosis (TB), while quitting hastens recovery. **OBJECTIVE:** To assess the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention for achieving self-reported continuous tobacco abstinence at 6 months, supported by bi…
Laura Diab Casares, Juan Espinosa Pereiro, María Teresa Tórtola Fernández, Xavier Casas García, Joan Pau Millet, et al.
…ODUCTION:** International organisations, scientists and the tuberculosis (TB) community have been advocating for a shorter, safer treatment for drug-susceptible (DS)-TB with equal or better efficacy than current regimens. A promising approach to achieve this is the combination of…
Rebecca Nuwematsiko, Noah Kiwanuka, Lynn Atuyambe, Irene Wobusobozi, Vicent Kasiita, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Globally, tuberculosis (TB) programs have enhanced efforts to improve case detection, treatment initiation, and monitoring of treatment outcomes. However, less attention has been given to reducing the number of persons with presumed TB who never get tested for TB …
Qian Lei, Hao Wang, Liyun Dang, Xiaohui Lv, Xuejiao Zhou, et al.
…itoring (TDM) is a well-established strategy for optimizing tuberculosis (TB) management. However, the conventional "physician-nurse-technician" TDM model often results in suboptimal drug concentrations, potentially leading to poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to develop …
Vasantha Mahalingam, Ratnakar Singh, Ramesh Kumar Santhanakrishnan, Adhin Bhaskar, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan
…e framework of a cluster randomized trial, especially among tuberculosis (TB) patients. In this study, a GEE model which accounts for repeated measures and cluster-level effects was implemented to identify factors associated with smoking cessation among TB patients. The data incl…
Linda J Harrison, Gustavo E Velásquez, Russell R Kempker, Marjorie Z Imperial, Eric Nuermberger, et al.
…dard of care (SOC) treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-TB) consists of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (HRZE). New treatment regimen options for DS-TB are needed as HRZE is long in duration (6 months), associated with frequent advers…
Noha Abdelgawad, Sean Wasserman, Kamunkhwala Gausi, Angharad Davis, Cari Stek, et al.
…trations above the critical concentration for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. **CONCLUSIONS:** CSF penetration with standard-dose rifampicin is low. Our findings support continued evaluation of high-dose rifampicin for TBM treatment.
Alberto Matteelli, Giulia Russo, Luca Rossi, Carlo Cerini, Claudia Cimaglia, et al.
**OBJECTIVES:** Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection is a core intervention of the TB elimination strategy. The WHO recommends both 4 months of daily rifampicin (4R) and 3 months of daily isoniazid/rifampicin (3HR) for preventive therapy, but no trial directly compared the tw…