Structural insights ofATP synthase and recent updates on molecular recognition ofATP synthase inhibitors: a review.

In, the FFo-ATP synthase enzyme comprises five polypeptide chains (Chainand three subunits (Subunit,, and), respectively. ATP is fundamental for the survival and growth of. In tuberculosis, this enzyme survives in harsh conditions like hypoxia, fluctuations in pH, and low nutrition in the host, further coercing it to enter the dormant state. Depletion of ATP stopgap thestrains strenuous to survive. The discovery of Bedaquiline in 2012 has validatedATP synthase as a substantial target to combat resistance developed instrains. Recent research work done againstATP synthase provides a platform for a better understanding of structural features of chemical compounds and targeting unique epitopes of the ATP synthase enzyme in designing novel therapeutics against tuberculosis. This article summarizes the structural organizations as well as the solitary epitopes present in-ATP synthase. It also highlights its distinguished features from similar enzymes present in eukaryotes, fungi, and other bacterial species. Additionally, the present work reviews recent updates on various heterocyclic active chemical compounds designed asATP synthase inhibitors for the treatment of tuberculosis till 2025.