MODERN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF TUBERCULOSIS

This article reviews modern diagnostic approaches to the study of tuberculosis (TB) infections and their clinical and epidemiological significance. The article analyzes the possibilities of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis using molecular-genetic methods, in particular polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), GeneXpert and LAMP technologies, along with traditional bacteriological methods. The sensitivity and specificity of these methods, their diagnostic efficiency based on various clinical samples, and their role in determining drug resistance are also discussed. It is emphasized that molecular diagnostic methods play an important role in early detection of TB, differential diagnosis and selection of treatment strategies. In addition, the article analyzes the global epidemiological situation of TB, the problem of co-infection with HIV, and the negative impact of the disease on life expectancy. These approaches are an important tool in optimizing preventive measures aimed at early detection of TB, increasing treatment effectiveness and reducing the burden of the disease. The results of the article serve to improve modern diagnostic and treatment strategies.