Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Case Notification in Public and Private Sectors: An Observational Study

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries where gaps in case detection, reporting, and treatment outcomes persist. Effective surveillance through case notification and continuous monitoring of treatment outcomes are critical components of tuberculosis control programs. The present study aimed to evaluate tuberculosis case notification and program performance across multiple units, with a comparative assessment of contributions from public and private healthcare sectors. A retrospective, observational study design was employed using secondary data obtained from an official tuberculosis notification report for the year 2025. The dataset included unit-wise information on target cases, notified cases from public and private sectors, and overall percentage achievement. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to assess variations in case detection and sector-wise contribution. The findings indicated variability in notification performance across different units, with some achieving targets while others showed underperformance. The public sector contributed significantly to total case notification; however, the role of the private sector was inconsistent, highlighting gaps in reporting and integration. Differences in percentage achievement suggested disparities in healthcare access, awareness, and program implementation at the unit level. The study underscores the importance of strengthening surveillance systems, enhancing public–private collaboration, and improving reporting mechanisms to ensure accurate estimation of tuberculosis burden. Addressing underreporting and optimizing resource allocation are essential for achieving national and global tuberculosis elimination targets. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators to improve program efficiency and patient outcomes.