Tuberculosis: Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Orang Asli Populations in Malaysia

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly among marginalized populations such as the Orang Asli in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB and identify associated risk factors within this community. A cross-sectional study was conducted across nine states in Peninsular Malaysia from July to September 2022, involving 10 192 respondents from 68 selected villages. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. The self-reported TB prevalence from prior diagnosis among Orang Asli was 3.2% [95% CI: 2.29, 4.49], with higher rates among males, rural residents, the Negrito tribe, individuals with low education levels, and those aged 70 and above. Using multiple logistic regression, age group was the only statistically significant risk factor (aOR = 9.73, 95% CI [4.41, 21.49]). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions focusing on early detection and treatment compliance to reduce TB prevalence among the Orang Asli population.