COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL FORMS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN RORAIMA AND IN BRAZIL (2014–2024)

Tuberculosis (TB) presents in different clinical forms, with pulmonary TB being the most common and transmissible, while extrapulmonary TB and mixed forms (pulmonary + extrapulmonary) have particular epidemiological characteristics. This study aims to compare the distribution and trends of TB clinical forms in Roraima and in Brazil from 2014 to 2024. A descriptive comparative epidemiological study was conducted using data on confirmed TB cases reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of the Ministry of Health/SVSA. Cases of pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB, and pulmonary + extrapulmonary TB were analyzed for Brazil and specifically for the state of Roraima from 2014 to 2024. The analysis included comparison of temporal trends of each clinical form and the proportion of each form relative to total cases in both geographic contexts. In Brazil, the total number of TB cases oscillated over the decade, with 85,146 cases in 2014 and 94,859 in 2024. The pulmonary form predominated, representing the vast majority of cases (about 80–90%). Extrapulmonary TB remained stable in absolute numbers (approximately 10,000 to 13,000 cases annually), while the pulmonary + extrapulmonary form ranged from 2,771 to 3,701 cases. In Roraima, the total number of TB cases showed a sharper increase, from 143 in 2014 to 550 in 2024. Pulmonary TB in Roraima also increased significantly, from 111 cases in 2014 to 420 in 2024. However, the proportion of extrapulmonary cases in Roraima, although much smaller in absolute numbers than nationally, showed a percentage increase, rising from 22 cases in 2014 to 53 in 2024 (increase of 140.9%). In addition, pulmonary + extrapulmonary TB in Roraima showed a notable increase, from 10 cases in 2014 to 77 in 2024, representing a 670% increase, which is proportionally much greater than that observed nationally. The analysis shows that although pulmonary TB is the predominant form, Roraima experienced a more marked increase in total TB cases and, notably, a disproportionately greater growth in extrapulmonary and pulmonary + extrapulmonary forms compared to the national trend. These differences may be related to factors such as intensification of migratory flow and challenges in local access and diagnosis.