Evaluation of the Antitubercular Potential of Isoniazid: A Hydrazide Derivative

Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. Despite the development of various drugs, the disease remains a global public health emergency, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, research on promising drugs to control and prevent the disease is essential. Hydrazides (R–C(O)–NH–NH2) are important intermediates. Their condensation with aldehydes or ketones yields hydrazone derivatives, which are a subclass of Schiff bases (compounds featuring an azomethine group, –C=N–). These hydrazide-derived Schiff bases and their metal complexes are promising scaffolds for antitubercular drug discovery. In this review, the antitubercular potential of hydrazides and their complexes is discussed and compared with isoniazid, a standard drug.