Human genomics technologies in clinical trials: the research landscape: report on the 1990-2024 period

Rapid advances in genomic technologies are transforming clinical research and enabling more precise approaches to disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, yet their application remains uneven across populations and settings. This analytical report provides a global snapshot of clinical studies involving human genomic technologies registered between 1990 and 2024, based on the analysis of more than 6500 records from WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

It examines trends in research growth, technological applications and disease focus, highlighting the predominance of studies in oncology and rare diseases and the comparatively limited attention to infectious conditions. The analysis also describes significant geographical and socioeconomic disparities, with most studies concentrated in high-income countries and limited participation from low- and middle-income settings. Patterns of demographic inclusion are explored, showing a strong emphasis on adult populations and insufficient representation of children, older adults and diverse gender groups. By identifying gaps in equity, participation and alignment with global health priorities, the report informs policymakers, funders and research leaders and supports efforts to strengthen inclusive research strategies, expand infrastructure and ensure that genomic innovation contributes effectively to health outcomes across diverse populations.