Analysis of antibacterial agents in clinical and preclinical development: overview and analysis 2025

This WHO report provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of antibacterial agents in clinical and preclinical development targeting priority bacterial pathogens. It aims to assess the current research and development (R&D) pipeline in the context of the growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Drawing on data collected between December 2023 and February 2025, the report reviews traditional and non-traditional antibacterial agents, including small molecules, biologics and innovative approaches, across all stages of development.

The analysis examines trends in the clinical and preclinical pipelines, highlighting progress, gaps and challenges in addressing WHO priority pathogens. It evaluates the level of innovation, the extent to which new agents target critical pathogens, and the availability of paediatric developments. The report identifies persistent limitations in the pipeline, including insufficient numbers of truly innovative agents and uneven activity against priority pathogens. It also outlines R&D priorities and next steps needed to strengthen the antibacterial pipeline, emphasizing the need for sustained investment, improved data transparency and coordinated global efforts to support the development of effective treatments against drug-resistant infections.