Dual transcriptomic analysis unraveling the immune landscape and host-pathogen interactions duringinfection.

Elucidating the host-pathogen interactions is critical for uncovering the mechanisms controlling() infection. Using dual RNA-seq with fluorescent, we simultaneously profiled macrophage and bacterial transcriptomes to resolve dynamic intracellular responses. Macrophages containing deadexhibited strong immune activation, including enhanced antigen presentation and lysosomal function, whereas macrophages harboring liveshowed persistent NF-κB signaling and metabolic reprogramming.counteracted host defenses through upregulation of DNA repair genes and manipulation of extracellular matrix signaling via SPP1 and integrins, alongside tryptophan catabolism and lipid binding pathways supporting adaptation. Cross-species correlation analysis revealed coordinated transcriptional programs, notably a strong inverse association betweenaromatic compound catabolism and host receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Additional correlations linked bacterial metabolism with host lipid transport and steroid biosynthesis. Together, these results provide a high resolution view of macrophage andtranscriptional interplay defining bacterial persistence versus immune clearance.