Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Jiangxi Province, China, 2022-2023.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a critical public health challenge in Jiangxi Province, China, where regional resistance patterns remain understudied. This retrospective study analyzed 9,041 suspected TB patients (2022-2023), identifying 3,104() casesPCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (PCR-REBA). Among-positive cases, 19.3% exhibited drug resistance, including mono- (9.2%), double- (4.6%), triple- (3.8%), and quadruple-drug resistance (1.7%). Males had higher odds of rifampicin (OR = 1.407, 95% CI: 1.086-1.824,= 0.01) and isoniazid (OR = 1.959, 95% CI: 1.538-2.495,< 0.001) resistance. Dominant mutations includedSer531Leu (32.1%) for rifampicin andSer315Thr (53.6%) for isoniazid resistance. Extrapulmonary TB showed higher susceptibility than pulmonary TB (, rifampicin: 93.47%87.25%,= 0.002). These findings highlight the urgent need for rapid molecular diagnostics and targeted interventions in Jiangxi to address distinct DR-TB patterns and demographic disparities.