Mapping the immunological research landscape of tuberculosis: A bibliometric review of global trends and clinical themes (2016-2025).

BACKGROUND/AIM: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health burden, with immunological mechanisms playing a pivotal role in shaping diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies. Understanding research trends in this domain can inform clinical and public health efforts. This study aimed to analyse the global research landscape on TB-associated immunological responses between 2016 and 2025 using bibliometric methods, identifying key themes, collaborations, and research gaps relevant to hospital and clinical medicine.

METHODS: Using Scopus, 8697 peer-reviewed original articles were retrieved, focusing on TBIRR. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and Excel analyzed publication trends, co-authorship, and keyword co-occurrence. Thematic maps and dendrograms categorized research themes and their evolution.

RESULTS: TBIRR shows robust global collaboration but a declining publication rate. China and the U.S. lead contributions, while African nations are underrepresented. Key themes include HIV-TB co-infection, BCG vaccination, and immunotherapy, with post-COVID shifts toward vaccine research. Gaps in diagnostic development and regional research capacity persist.

CONCLUSION: TBIRR is dynamic yet faces challenges in publication growth and equitable contributions. Future efforts should prioritize funding, South-South collaborations, and translational research to address diagnostic gaps and advance TB prevention and treatment, aligning with global health goals.