A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Masquerading as Tubercular Lymphadenopathy: A Case Report

Abstract Kikuchi-Fujimoto Syndrome (KFS), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, self-limiting disorder primarily affecting young adults, with a higher prevalence in Asian populations. It presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia, often mimicking infectious (Tuberculosis), autoimmune, or malignant diseases. The exact etiology remains unclear, though viral and autoimmune mechanisms are proposed. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination of lymph node biopsy, which reveals characteristic necrosis and histiocytic infiltration without neutrophils. Treatment is usually supportive, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids used for symptomatic relief. This paper presents a case of a 28-year-old female who was initially misdiagnosed with tubercular lymphadenopathy and subsequently diagnosed with KFD. and a comprehensive review of the current literature on KFS, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and management strategies.