The immunological impact of HIV coinfection on respiratory pathologies in Baku, Azerbaijan 2289

Abstract Description Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and respiratory pathogens poses significant clinical challenges, with HIV-positive individuals exhibiting an elevated risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to investigate the immunological and clinical interactions between HIV and respiratory pathologies, focusing on tuberculosis (TB) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). A total of 128 HIV-positive patients presenting with respiratory symptoms were analyzed. The cohort was divided into randomized groups based on present conditions, focusing on TB and ILD. Acid-fast mycobacteria (AFB) were detected in 49 of the 78 TB patients (63%) using microbiological methods. In 29 patients (37%), TB was confirmed via radiological imaging and skin test results. Among the ILD cohort, the majority were HIV-positive, indicating a possible immunological association. Additionally, 35 patients hospitalized with Pneumocystis jirovecii infection were evaluated, and PCR confirmed the diagnosis. The findings revealed a clear association between HIV infection and the prevalence of lung pathologies. A lack of correlation was observed among TB patients between elevated serum ADA levels and disease progression. For Pneumocystis jirovecii patients, 17% succumbed within the first two days, while the remaining 83% responded to co-trimoxazole therapy. Topic Categories Viral Immunology (VIR)