Burden of Depression in Tuberculosis Patients in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and depression are major public health concerns, and their co-occurrence can negatively impact treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. India, does not have inclusive national data on the prevalence of depression amongst the TB patients. This systematic review aimed to estimate the combined prevalence of depression in TB patients in India while determining relevant contributing factors. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed and adhered for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The observational studies published in English between 2020 and 2024, conducted in India, reporting the prevalence of depression amongst TB patients were included. Results: All 23 observational studies published from 2020 to 2024, involving 4653 participants were included. The overall prevalence of depression in TB patients was found to be 47% (95% confidence interval: 35%–60%, I2=98. Discussion: The findings highlight the urgent need to integrate mental health care into TB care services for improving treatment outcomes and for holistic patient care in India.