Respirology in the UAE

Abstract Respiratory pathology in the Middle East showcases a broad spectrum similar to the diversity of its societies and cultures. This comprehensive review focuses on the primary challenges encountered by pulmonologists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It delineates the array of prevalent conditions in the country, encompassing historic maladies like tuberculosis alongside contemporary, highly prevalent lung diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, the review underscores distinctive elements pertinent to respiratory illnesses in the UAE, including the influence of climate factors in desert regions and cultural practices like water-pipe smoking, along with conditions unique to the region. Modernization brings its own set of challenges for pulmonologists, including the impact of large immigrant populations, associated social and health issues, escalating rates of obesity, sleep apnea, asthma, smoking-related lung diseases, and drug-resistant tuberculosis, compounded by the recent and devastating COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing these health concerns will necessitate a comprehensive approach involving public health, primary care, and specialized pulmonology input. This integrated strategy must account for unique cultural and environmental factors to ensure effective management and adherence to medical care.