Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Primary Care Physicians Regarding Infection Control of Tuberculosis in Primary Health Care Centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern in Saudi Arabia, where primary care physicians play a crucial role in early detection and infection control. This study assessed physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding TB infection control in Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 205 physicians in primary healthcare centers using a validated electronic questionnaire. Knowledge scores were classified as good (≥8/14 correct) or poor (<8). Descriptive statistics and chi-square/t-tests were applied. Results: The mean knowledge score was 8.5 (SD = 2.1); 57.1% of physicians demonstrated good knowledge. Knowledge was significantly associated with specialization (p = 0.049), position (p = 0.031), and monthly patient load (p = 0.031). While 92.7% correctly identified airborne transmission, only 30.7% knew when a TB patient becomes noninfectious. Most participants (80%) had not received TB-related training in the past year. Conclusions: Primary care physicians in Riyadh show moderate knowledge and positive attitudes, but important gaps remain in diagnostic clarity and infection control timelines. Strengthening continuous medical education and integrating TB-specific modules into the Saudi national TB control program are essential to standardize practices and improve patient outcomes.