Unleashing the Power Within: Host-Directed Therapies Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment

In the fight against tuberculosis (TB), host-directed therapies (HDTs) have emerged as a promising strategy to address challenges such as drug resistance and prolonged treatment durations. This chapter provides a concise overview of HDTs and their potential to transform TB management by enhancing the host’s immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). HDTs aim to activate innate defense mechanisms, modulate immune pathways, and curb bacterial growth. The chapter explores the dynamic host–pathogen interaction and discusses mechanisms through which HDTs exert their effects. Drawing on findings from experimental studies and clinical trials, it highlights the efficacy of various HDT strategies, even against drug-resistant TB strains. Additionally, the review examines key hurdles in integrating HDTs into standard care, including biomarker identification, optimization of therapeutic protocols, and management of side effects. As the global TB burden persists, this chapter underscores the potential of HDTs to reshape therapeutic approaches by leveraging the immune system to improve outcomes.