Dynamics and optimal control for tuberculosis transmission via a data-validated periodic model

= 1.18, which indicates that tuberculosis in mainland China is of low endemicity. Sensitivity analysis tells us that the adolescent group has a significant impact on the transmission of tuberculosis and is an indispensable force. Furthermore, we constructed a tuberculosis transmission control model and proposed four optimal control strategies, calculated the strategy-related benefits (ACER) and the incremental benefits between strategies (ICER), and further provided targeted recommendations for controlling tuberculosis transmission among different groups.