EVALUATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MULTAN, PAKISTAN

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease primarily affecting the respiratory system, transmitted through airborne droplets when an infected individual coughs, speaks, sings, or sneezes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread by droplets nuclei via breathing in of 1-5 1m. Hematological investigations, such as CBC, RBC, WBC count, PCV, and MCV and Hb, play a significant role in the diagnosis and follow-up of TB diseases and conditions. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess hematology profile in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) attending a tertiary care hospital in Multan. Attention was paid to CBC, differential counts, and ESR to gain a better understanding of their role in the diagnosis and the monitoring of TB. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate hematological measures in confirmed PTB patients at a hospital in Multan. The participants were selected as individuals aged 4 years and above except those who were pregnant and who were not cooperative. Results CBC analysis of the samples with blood was carried out using an automated analyzer, and demographic and clinical data were recorded. The statistical analysis of the ethical clearance and informed consent was conducted. Results: Hematological analysis revealed significant abnormalities in PTB patients. A high prevalence of anemia, often linked to chronic inflammation and nutritional deficiencies, was observed. Leukocytosis indicated an active immune response, while thrombocytopenia reflected the systemic effects of TB on the hematopoietic system. Conclusion: The study emphasized the hematological abnormalities in PTB patients, with a high prevalence of anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. These findings underline the importance of routine hematological monitoring in PTB patients for early diagnosis, effective management, and improved outcomes.