Engineering rifampicin-encapsulated inhalable microparticles for precision tuberculosis therapy: in vivo distribution and therapeutic evaluation

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and the use of AI-determined predictive modelling, aerosol deposition was maximised at an inhalation flow rate of 30 L/min targeting the alveolar region indicated by having 52.8% of the aerosol deposition at this region. The TB-infected mice, which showed the lung tissue bacterial load was reduced to 3.2 log colony forming unit (CFU) and the levels of TNF-α were decreased while IL-10 levels were increased. With this kind of accelerated stability testing it was ascertained that the type of formulation had a shelf-life of 24 months.