A Comprehensive Review of the Implementation and Impact of Nikshay Poshan Yojana in India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme

This comprehensive review examines the implementation and impact of Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY), a Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) scheme for Tuberculosis (TB) patients in India. The review synthesises findings from multiple studies conducted across various states between 2018 and 2024. Key aspects analysed include coverage and enrolment rates, disbursement processes, awareness and utilisation patterns, implementation challenges, and the scheme’s impact on treatment outcomes and nutritional status. The review reveals significant variability in NPY implementation across different regions, with coverage rates ranging from 28.7 to 76.1%. Common challenges identified include delays in benefit disbursement, inadequate benefit amounts, and barriers to access for vulnerable populations. Despite these challenges, several studies report positive associations between NPY receipt and improved treatment outcomes. The review concludes with evidence-based recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of NPY in supporting TB patients’ nutritional needs and treatment adherence.