Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, especially in developing countries, due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The emergence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains further complicates disease management and control strategies. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in detecting MTB and rifampicin resistance among suspected TB patients in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 865 sputum samples from patients presenting with TB symptoms at selected hospitals in Lahore. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was employed for simultaneous detection of MTB and rifampicin resistance. Demographic data, including age and gender, were also recorded and analyzed. Results: Out of 865 patients, 192 (22.19%) tested positive for MTB. The majority of positive cases were males and individuals aged 46 to 65 years. Rifampicin resistance was identified in 41.66% of the MTB-positive cases, indicating a high prevalence of drug-resistant TB. The GeneXpert system demonstrated rapid and reliable detection capabilities, significantly reducing diagnostic delays. Conclusion: The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay proves to be a valuable diagnostic tool in TB-endemic regions, offering timely detection of both MTB and rifampicin resistance. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved biosafety measures, regular drug susceptibility testing, and strengthened public health strategies to contain the spread of drug-resistant TB.