Risk Factors and Comorbidities Associated with Tuberculosis in Imperatriz

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate tuberculosis and its associations with major comorbidities. Theoretical Framework: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols containing bacilli via coughing, speaking, or sneezing. Factors that facilitate the development and progression of tuberculosis are determined by endogenous factors and comorbidities, with the main ones being: diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the use of legal and illegal drugs. Method: A retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on data from the Information Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) regarding pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão, from January 2021 to December 2023. Results and Discussion: The analysis of 296 tuberculosis cases in Imperatriz-MA highlighted the relationship between the disease, comorbidities, and risk factors, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS), alcoholism, smoking, risk of treatment abandonment and disease progression. esearch Implications: The results may support public policies and strengthen strategies for screening, treatment, and health education. Originality/Value: This research offers an updated and regionalized approach, contributing to the literature and professional practice in public health in the state of Maranhão.