Risk Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Among Prisoner in Correctional Facilities in Lhokseumawe City, Aceh, Indonesia

Background: TB remains a significant public health issue in prisons, facilitating its transmission and affecting both inmates and the wider community. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for TB prevalence and risk factors in prisoners, specifically in class 2A correctional institutions in Lhokseumawe City, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Methodology: This case-control study included 100 prisoners who were selected through random sampling. Data were gathered through questionnaires and prison medical records. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed, and p-values ≤ 0.05 set statistically significant. Results: Medical records revealed 12 inmates with TB. Bivariate analysis identified marital status (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% CI [1.08–1.34]; p=0.017), nutritional status (OR, 3.63; 95% CI [1.05–12.55]; p=0.033), comorbidities (OR, 4.47; 95% CI [1.28-15.56]; p=0.013), and contact with active TB patients (OR, 9.8; 95% CI [5.45-17.63]; p=0.013) as risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that comorbidities (OR, 5.52; 95% CI [5.45-17.63]; p=0.025) and nutritional status (OR, 4.46; 95% CI [5.45-17.63]; p=0.012) were the most significant risk factors. Conclusions: Marital status, nutritional status, comorbidities, and contact with patients with active TB were significantly associated with TB incidence of TB among prisoners. Nutritional status and comorbidities were the most significant risk factors.