Indicators of Secretory Immunity of Oral Fluid in Children with Inflammatory Periodontal Disease on the Background of Tuberculosis

Diseases of periodontal tissues in humans continue to be one of the most pressing problems of modern dentistry and, according to the WHO, rank sixth among common diseases and second in frequency among all dental diseases. The etiological factors of inflammation in periodontal tissues are qualitative and quantitative changes in the oral microflora, systemic factors, which in 85 % of cases are concomitant, and impaired immune system parameters. Objective — to evaluate the state of the main indicators of local immunity of oral fluid in children with inflammatory periodontal disease against the background of respiratory tuberculosis. Materials and methods. The study of indicators of secretory immunity of oral fluid was conducted in 72 children aged 7, 12 and 15 years with inflammatory periodontal disease against the background of respiratory tuberculosis (main group). The control group consisted of 43 healthy children of similar age with clinically healthy periodontal tissues. Immunological examination included determination of the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, concentration of immunoglobulins of different classes and lysozyme in the oral fluid. Results and discussion. It was found that the state of local oral immunity in children with inflammatory periodontal disease on the background of tuberculosis was manifested by an increase in pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-1β with age from (56.1 ± 1.7) pg/mL in 7-year-olds to (40.2 ± 1.74) pg/mL in 15-year-olds and a decrease in IL-4 levels from (28.7 ± 0.3) pg/mL in 7-year-olds to (20.6 ± 0.6) pg/mL in 15-year-olds. The levels of sIgA and IgA showed a downward trend, and the content of IgG increased from (0.554 ± 0.014) g/L in 7-year-olds to (0.822 ± 0.016) g/L in 15-year-olds, which can be considered a possible factor in prolonging inflammation and evidence of a disruption in the relationship between the secretory and humoral components of local immunity. The level of lysozyme in the oral fluid decreased from (23.42 ± 1.14) μg/L in 7-year-olds to (14.43 ± 1.12) μg/L in 15-year-olds. Conclusions. In children with inflammatory periodontal disease against the background of respiratory tuberculosis, there is a strain on the secretory immunity of the oral fluid, which is manifested by an imbalance of interleukins and immunoglobulins of different classes. A decrease in sIgA and IgA and an increase in IgG can be considered factors of prolongation of the inflammatory process in the periodontium in the setting of tuberculosis.