Coinfection of Tuberculosis (TB) and Occult Hepatitis B (OBI) Infection among Residents in Rivers State Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and Occult Hepatitis B Infection (OBI) presents a significant health challenge globally, particularly in regions like Rivers State, Nigeria. The prevalence of OBI in different world regions varies from 1 to 87%. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TB/OBI coinfection among residents in Rivers State and compare demographic differences in coinfection distribution. Methods: A total of 392 participants suspected of TB/OBI were enrolled. Sputum and blood samples were collected for TB and HBV DNA quantification respectively. Simple random sampling was employed to select participants, ensuring equal representation. Results: Results showed a low prevalence of TB/OBI coinfection, with only one case detected (0.3%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in coinfection rates based on sex or age at (p=0.42) and (p=0.88) respectively. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive surveillance and integrated healthcare strategies to address infectious diseases effectively. While the study provides valuable insights into TB/OBI coinfection in Rivers State, its cross-sectional design and sample size limitations warrant further longitudinal research for a deeper understanding of coinfection dynamics and trends. Nonetheless, the study contributes to the body of knowledge guiding public health interventions aimed at improving patient outcomes in regions burdened by TB and HBV infections.