Tuberculous Testicular Abscess: A Case Report

Genitourinary tuberculosis represents the second most prevalent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries. This condition may present with subtle or no obvious clinical symptoms, with patients often exhibiting only mild manifestations. Due to its slow progression, early diagnosis remains challenging. Pathologically, epididymal tuberculosis is characterized by extensive tissue destruction and fibrosis, which ultimately leads to the obliteration of the epididymis and surrounding structures, as well as the genital organs. Complications such as infertility and significant impairment of male reproductive function may result. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, recurrent orchitis is a frequent consequence. Abscess formation, although a rare complication of delayed treatment, necessitates surgical intervention. The diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis is frequently complicated by the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. In the present case, ultrasound revealed inflammation of the left testicle, epididymis, and scrotum, accompanied by moderate left hydrocele and left vas deferens dilatation. A quantitative CRP level of 47.5 mg/L was noted, and the Real-time PCR MTB test was positive. The patient subsequently underwent surgical drainage of a left epididymal abscess. Molecular diagnostic techniques, such as Real-time PCR, play a crucial role in facilitating timely and accurate diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.