A Comprehensive Review on Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health challenge, affecting millions of people annually. Despite advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics, the disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. TB is a complex infectious disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective control. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for TB. Emphasis is placed on recent advancements in molecular diagnostics, novel therapeutic approaches, and the impact of socio-economic factors on disease spread. Furthermore, the review highlights the challenges in TB control, including drug resistance, vaccine development, and the role of public health interventions in combating the disease.