Targeting Neglected Tropical Diseases and Malaria: The Therapeutic Promise of Mannich Bases

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and malaria remain significant public health challenges, particularly in resource-limited regions. The search for novel therapeutic agents to combat these diseases is imperative due to emerging drug resistance and limited treatment options. Mannich bases, a class of organic compounds synthesised via the Mannich reaction, exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, antimycobacterial, antiparasitic (leishmanicidal, trypanocidal, anthelmintic) and even anti-diabetic. Their structural versatility allows for modifications to enhance bioavailability, potency and selectivity against specific pathogens. Moreover, Mannich bases can target multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NTDs and malaria, thereby offering a multifaceted approach to treatment. This review explores the pharmacological potential of Mannich bases in addressing NTDs and malaria.