Pancreatic tuberculosis: a challenging clinical case with differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma

Background: Known as the "Great Imitator", Tuberculosis (TB) has numerous presentations resembling various pathologies. In this sense, pancreatic TB is difficult to diagnose, especially because of its clinical and radiological similarities to pancreatic carcinoma. This case report provides a rare manifestation of TB, the occurrence of which is possible in endemic areas such as Brazil. Case report: We report the case of a 41-year-old asymptomatic patient with a normal physical examination. The radiological findings showed a heterogeneous nodular image, suggestive of malignancy. Confirmation of the diagnosis was only possible through histopathological examination after exploratory laparotomy. Antitubercular therapy was then started, with radiological improvement. Conclusions: based on this report, it can be concluded that the diagnosis of pancreatic TB is rare and should be considered, especially in endemic countries, to avoid unnecessary interventions.