Examination of Hepatoprotective Activity of Annona squamosa Linn. Leaves against Isoniazid and Rifampin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Background: Tuberculosis is a granulomatous, chronic illness causing serious problems in developing countries. The first line of treatments is isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin. The goal of this investigation was to examine if the ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has any hepatoprotective activity in rats suffering from isoniazid-rifampin-induced hepatotoxicity. Methodology: The rats were separated into five groups (n=6): group 1, control; group 2 isoniazid treated (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and rifampin (100 mg/kg, i.p..) in sterile water; group 3, control and standard drug silymarin, 2.5 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.; groups 4 and 5 are treated with200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w., p.o., of ethanolic extract of AS. All of the treatment procedures were monitored for a total of 21 days after the rats were sacrificed. Biochemical and histological investigations were performed on the blood and liver respectively. Results: Rats (Group - 2) treated with Rifampin (RIF) & Isoniazid (INH) elevated blood Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in varying degrees. Administration of ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa considerably reduced Rifampin and Isoniazid-induced elevations in serum liver marker enzymes SGOT, SGPT and ALP. Furthermore, the standard drug and extract-treated groups had significantly larger total macromolecule and total albumen levels. The extract’s efficacy was compared with silymarin, a standard medication. The histological profile also supported the results of biochemical studies. The ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has been found to protect rats from oxidative liver injury caused by rifampin and isoniazid. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of AS protected rats from isoniazid and rifampin-induced oxidative liver injury and has rpotential hepato-protective properties. Furthermore, research of this type creates therapeutically feasible strategies to treat patients with drug-induced hepatotoxicity.